Scrambled letters. Put the letters in the following words into the correct order and write them

Match the definitions with the words from the table.

For each sentences, fill in the space with one of the words from the table.

stomach teeth neck mouth back finger nose head eyes feet

1. If your……… hurt, you should go to the dentist.

2. If you open you’re……….., you will see better!

3. A wedding ring is worn on the…….

4. Pinocchio got a very big …… because he told too many lies.

5. If you are very cold, put a woollen scarf around your ……..

6. Eating is very easy. You just put food into your………!

7. If you drink too much beer, your…….. will hurt the next day.

8. Be careful not to injure your……… when you lift something heavy.

9. Men who drink a lot of beer often have a large ……...

10. You put socks on your ……….

thumb wrist calf heel ankle neck toes knee

1. the joint connecting your foot to your leg

2. you have ten on your feet

3. connects your head to your body

4. where you wear your watch

5. the joint in the middle of the leg

6. the back part of your foot

7. you have one on each hand

8. the back part of the leg below the knee

1. AHED

2. SENO

3. TMHUO

4. IPL

5. DRUOSLEH

6. RIGNFE

7. GLE

8. FTOO

9. TTHOO

10. EFTE

11. ETEHT

12. EALKN

13. MRA

14. HNDA

15. LUGN

16. EGTUNO

17. KNIEDY

18. CEKN

19. LEOBW

20. TEO

21. EEY

22. HECTS

23. AESR

24. TOCAOHHTE

25. TACHOCSHEMA

26. OTATHR

27. RITSW

28. ILNA

29. AIBNR

30. CASHMOT

31. LBYLE

32. EACF

33. EEKN

34. HEEKC

8. Read and translate the text:

Anatomy is the branch of medicine describing the structure of living beings.

Human anatomy is the scientific study of the human body.

The principal parts of the human body are the head, the trunk and the limbs (extremities). The upper extremities are the arms and the lower extremities are the legs.

The head consists of two parts: the skull (which contains the brain) and the face. The brain is the control center of the body. It receives, processes the information and gives “instructions” for body actions. The face consists of the forehead, the eyes (with the lashes), the eyelids, the mouth, the cheeks, the ears and the chin.

The ear includes three principal parts: the external ear, the middle ear and the internal. The mouth has two lips: an upper lip and a lower lip. It contains the gums with the teeth, the palate and the tongue.

The head is connected with the trunk by the neck. The upper part of the trunk is the chest (or thorax). It contains the organs of respiration and the heart. The heart is a strong muscular organ that contracts and pumps blood throughout the body. The heart of an adult beats at a rate of 60 to 80 beats a minute. The chest also contains the respiratory apparatus, including the two lungs, the lower part of the trachea and the bronchi. In each lung the bronchi branch into bronchioles, which lead into the alveoli. Here the carbon dioxide in blood is exchanged for oxygen. Oxygenated blood returns to the heart in the pulmonary vein. The gullet or esophagus leads to the stomach, which is in the lower part of the trunk – the abdomen.

The principle organs in the abdominal cavity are the stomach, the liver, the spleen, the pancreas, the small and large intestines, the kidneys, the gall-bladder and the bladder. The organs of the digestive system process and convert food into simpler substances that the body uses for nourishment. The liver is the largest organ in the body. It purifies the blood of wastes and poisons and helps the body digest and store nutrients. The kidneys filter out water and unwanted substances in the blood and excrete wastes into the bladder by means of the ureters. The urine leaves the bladder through the urethra whichbrings the urine out of the body.

The framework of bones called the skeleton supports the soft parts and protects the organs from injury. An adult skeleton consists of about 206 bones. The upper extremity is connected with the chest by the shoulder. Each arm consists of the upper arm, the forearm, the elbow, the wrist and the hand. We have four fingers and a thumb on each hand. The lower extremity (the leg) consists of the hip, the thigh, the shin, the knee, the calf, the ankle and the foot with the toes. The bones are covered with muscles. Muscle is a tissue that can contract and relax to produce movement in a part of the body.

The skin covers the body and acts as a waterproof covering, a defense against damage and infection, a regulator of body temperature.

I. Learn the following words:

abdomen	[`æbdəmen]	живот
abdominal	[æb`dɔmınəl]	брюшной
bladder	[`blædə]	мочевой пузырь
blood	[`blʌd]	кровь
bone	[`bɔun]	кость
brain	[`breın]	мозг
to breathe	[`bri:ð]	дышать
cavity	[`kævıtı]	полость
carbon dioxide	[`ka:bən daı`ɔksαıd ]	углекислый газ
cheek	[`ʧi:k]	щека
to connect	[kə`nekt]	соединять
to consist of	[kən`sıst]	состоять из
to contain	[kən`teın]	вмещать, включать
to contract	[kən`trækt]	сокращаться
to cover	[`kʌvə]	покрывать
to digest	[daı`ʤest]	переваривать (о пище)
esophagus	[ı:`sɔfəgəs]	глотка, пищевод
to excrete	[eks`kri:t]	выделять
extremity	[ık`stremıtı]	конечность
forearm	[`fɔ:ra:m]	предплечье
forehead	[`fɔrıd]	лоб
gall-bladder	[`gɔ:l - ˎblædə]	желчный пузырь
gum	[`gʌm]	десна
gullet	[`gʌlıt]	пищевод, глотка
heart	[`ha:t]	сердце
human body	[`hju:mən `bɔdı]	тело человека
to include	[ın`klu:d]	включать в себя
injury	[`ınʤərı]	рана, ушиб, травма
intestine	[ın`testın]	кишечник
kidney	[`kıdnı]	почка
limb	[`lım]	конечность
liver	[`lıvə]	печень
lower	[`lɔuə]	нижний
lungs	[`lʌŋz]	легкие
middle	[`mıdl]	средний
muscle	[`mʌsl]	мышца
nourishment	[`nʌrıʃmənt]	питание
nutrient	[`nju:trıənt]	питательное вещество
oxygen	[`ɔksıʤən]	кислород
palate	[`pælıt]	нёбо
part	[`pa:t]	часть
principle	[`prınsıpl]	основной, главный
to protect	[prə`tekt]	защищать
to pump	[`pʌmp]	качать, выкачивать
respiration	[respə`reıʃən]	дыхание
skull	[`skʌl]	череп
skeleton	[`skelıtən]	скелет
skin	[`skın]	кожа
soft	[`sɔft]	мягкий
spleen	[`splı:n]	селезёнка
to support	[sə`pɔ:t]	поддерживать
tissue	[`tıʃu:]	ткань
tongue	[`tʌŋ]	язык
tooth (teeth)	[`tu:Ɵ / `tı:Ɵ]	зуб (зубы)
trunk	[`trʌŋk]	туловище
urine	[`juərın]	моча
57.upper	[`ʌpə]	57.верхний
58.waste	[`weıst]	58.отходы

II. Translate into Russian:

1. an extremity: the upper extremity; the lower extremity; a man has an upper extremity; the leg is a lower extremity;
2. a forehead: the forehead is one of the parts of the face; the eyes are under the forehead; a wide forehead; a narrow forehead; a high forehead;
3. a mouth: in the mouth; open your mouth; close your mouth; breathe through the nose but not through the mouth, rinse your mouth;
4. a tongue: the tongue is in the mouth; the tongue is the organ of speech; a dirty/coated (обложенный) tongue;
5. a palate: a soft palate; a hard palate; the hard palate is in the upper part of the mouth;
6. a heart: the heart beats; the heart is in the chest; the heart is an internal organ; to transplant a heart; strong/healthy heart, weak heart; a heart pumps blood; a heart fails/stops;
7. to breathe: to breathe deeply; we breathe with the lungs; don’t breathe; breathe in, please; don’t breathe out;
8. a stomach: in the stomach; the stomach is an internal organ; the gullet connects the stomach with the mouth; a stomach aches/hurts;
9. an intestine: the intestines; a small intestine; a large intestine; the intestines are in the abdominal cavity;
10. an injury: a bad injury; to get an injury; to protect from injuries; the injury of the forearm; the hip injury; a minor/slight injury; a serious/severe injury.
11. a shoulder: the left shoulder; the right shoulder; the shoulder connects the upper extremity with the chest; we have two shoulders, broad shoulders;
12. a thumb: the left thumb; the right thumb; the thumb is one of the fingers on the hand.
13. a knee: the left knee; the right knee; the knee is a part of the leg, knee cap;
14. a calf: the calf of the left leg; the calf of the right leg; a man has two calves;
15. an ear: a man has two ears; we hear with the ears; the external ear; the middle ear; the internal ear;
16. blood: to lose blood, blood group, to type blood, to donate blood, oxygenated blood, loss of blood;
17. waste: waste products, waste waters; waste paper; to recycle household waste; to damp industrial waste into the rivers and seas;

18. tooth: to extract a tooth, to drill, to fill a tooth, brush/clean your teeth two times a day after meal; teeth fall out; teeth ache;

19. tissue: connective tissue, muscular tissue, mortified tissue, soft tissues; muscle is a tissue that can contract and relax;

20. respiration: normal respiration; slow respiration; artificial respiration; organs of respiration.

III.Translate into English:

a) Живот; полость; сердце; мышца; орган; череп; лоб; скелет; кожа; туловище; желудок; язык; селезёнка; печень; мочевой пузырь; желчный пузырь; грудная клетка; конечность; рука; нога; локоть; предплечье; запястье; лодыжка; икра ноги; колено; ступня; пищевод (глотка); бедро; десна; нёбо; плечо; зубы; кости.

b) Защищать; состоять из; соединять(ся); сокращать(ся); покрывать; содержать (вмещать); дышать; поддерживать; выделять; переваривать; включать в себя; качать, выкачивать.

c) Тело человека; основные части; верхние конечности; нижние конечности; наружное ухо; внутреннее ухо; нижняя губа; верхняя часть туловища; мышечный орган; мягкие части тела; дыхательный аппарат; обогащенная кислородом кровь; легочная артерия; главные (основные) органы брюшной полости; каждая рука; скелет взрослого человека.

IV. Translate into English and make up sentences with the following phrases, pay attention to the prepositions:

a) Изучать тело человека; состоять из двух частей; получать и обрабатывать информацию; соединять голову с туловищем; качать кровь по всему телу; сердце сокращается; помогать телу переваривать питательные вещества; поддерживать мягкие части тела человека; покрывать тело;

b) Во рту; в грудной клетке; в брюшной полости; на каждой руке; десны с зубами; выделять отходы в мочевой пузырь; использовать для питания; превращать пищу в более простые вещества; очищать кровь от отходов и ядов; защищать органы от повреждений; выводить мочу из организма; через мочеиспускательный канал; регулятор температуры тела.

V. Answer the questions according to the text:

1. What does the word “anatomy” mean?
2. What are the principle parts of the human body?
3. How many parts does the head consist of?
4. What does the skull contain?
5. What is the function of the brain?
6. What does the face consist of?
7. What are the principle parts of the ear?
8. Where are gums with teeth?
9. What connects the trunk with the head?
10. What is the upper part of the trunk?
11. What is the function of the heart?
12. What does the respiratory apparatus include?
13. What is the lower part of the trunk?
14. What are the principle organs in the chest?
15. What are the principle organs in the abdominal cavity?
16. What does the skeleton protect the organs from?
17. How many bones are there in an adult skeleton?
18. What does each arm consist of?
19. What does the lower extremity consist of?
20. What covers the body?

VI. Translate into English:

1. Основными частями тела человека являются голова, туловище и конечности.
2. Голова состоит из двух частей: черепа и лица.
3. Череп вмещает (содержит) в себе мозги.
4. Лицо состоит из лба, глаз, носа, рта с губами, щек, подбородка и ушей.
5. Ухо состоит из трех основных частей: наружного уха, среднего уха и внутреннего уха.
6. Во рту у нас есть десны с зубами, язык и нёбо.
7. Шея соединяет голову с туловищем.
8. Верхняя часть туловища представляет собой грудную клетку, нижняя часть – брюшную полость.
9. Основными органами в грудной клетке являются лёгкие, сердце и пищевод (глотка).
10. Сердце делает 60 – 80 ударов в минуту.
11. Основными органами в брюшной полости является печень, селезёнка, кишечник, почки, желчный пузырь и мочевой пузырь.
12. Скелет поддерживает мягкие части и защищает органы от повреждения.
13. Каждая рука состоит из плеча, локтя, предплечья, запястья и кисти.
14. Нижняя конечность состоит из бедра, колена, икроножной мышцы, лодыжки и ступни.
15. Кожа покрывает тело человека (тело человека покрыто кожей).

VII. In each line circle the odd one out, explain your choice:

Hand…………………kidney…………………leg……………………liver

Ankle…………………elbow………………….knee…………………forearm

Ear……………………eye…………………….face…………………..nose

Hair…………………lip……………………..tooth…………………nail

Liver………………heart……………………pancreas………………spleen

Gums………………tongue…………………palate…………………lips

VIII. Decide which category each part of the body belongs to (the first one has been done as an example):

IX. Study the following facts and express your opinion:

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