Exercise 1. Learn the following words and word-combinations

Text H Portable Fire Extinguishers

Exercise 4. Give the English equivalents.

Exercise 3. Answer the questions.

1. What is a water tender designed for?

2. What sources are water tenders capable of drafting water from?

3. When are water tenders used?

4. How many gallons of water can this apparatus carry?

5. In what other situations can water tenders be used?

6. Are some types of water tenders able to work independently?

7. What are the most ultimate solutions of water tenders?

8. What types of water tenders are used in wildfires?

9. Which tools does a water tender carry?

10. How can you prove that water tenders are important, useful and efficient in fire fighting?

Сконструированный (созданный); единственная цель; автоцистерна использует …; они применяются, когда …; в пределах досягаемости; быстрое (под)соединение; аналогичный (похожий на); самостоятельно (независимо); объединять (сочетать); для пожаротушения и спасения людей; применяются при тушении лесных пожаров; труднопроходимая местность; необходимый (обязательный); в большом количестве

amount – количество

anticipate – ожидать, предвидеть

delay – задержка, приостановка

design – придумывать, конструи-ровать

determine – определять, уста-навливать

expel gas – выбрасывать, выталки-вать газ

handle – рукоять, ручка

occasionally – иногда, время от времени

propel – толкать вперёд, двигать

stored – аккумулированный

tamper (with) – трогать, портить

untrained – необученный, непод-готовленный

Exercise 2. Read the text

Portable fire extinguishers are designed to fight small incipient fires or unusual ones that are not easily put out by water. The use of portable fire extinguishers is important for two reasons. First, firefighters use them on certain unusual fires that hoselines cannot put out and, second, citizens can use them to fight small fires before the fire department arrives. Firefighters must know how to use them and be able to teach others to use them. When used by untrained persons, fire extinguishers have been ineffective and dangerous, and have created deadly delays in calling the fire department. Proper instruction on the use of fire extinguishers can improve the effectiveness of a fire department and reduce the costly effects of fire.

Firefighters usually use hoses and water to fight fires and extinguishers are used only occasionally. Still when an extinguisher is needed, knowledge and skill are required if the unit is to be used properly and this requires practice. Firefighters must pay careful attention in training sessions and practice using extinguisher-operating skills whenever possible.

Many types of fire extinguishers are available for purchase and use today. Which is the best type of extinguisher depends on many factors and each should be considered prior to placing an extinguisher to use. The wrong extinguisher can be worse than no extinguisher.

Factors for selecting an extinguisher are the fuel, the people using it, and the building or place where it will be used. The first factor to consider is the type and amounts of fuels present that reveal what kind of fire to anticipate. The amount of fuel determines size; the wrong size extinguisher will not completely extinguish the fire. The user and occupancy represent another factor; what will the people in the building do with or to the extinguisher? Will the extinguisher be tampered with, stolen, or otherwise be ineffective when needed?

Another factor is the construction of the building and its occupancy that identifies the hazards and conditions to protect.

A final factor would be the type of equipment protected and its ability to be cleaned without excessive damage. Delicate equipment and high-value items may require special considerations, but the main factor is the ability to extinguish the fire effectively. Most extinguishing agents can be cleaned off equipment, whereas the damage from the fire will permanently destroy that equipment.

Kinds of Extinguishers:

Many types of portable extinguishers are in use today. Some are small and handled, while others are so large that they require a wheeled cart to move them. Most operate on the same basic principles as the handheld units and store and expel the agent in the same way whether big or small. Listed here are current kinds of fire extinguishers for each type of agent:

1. Water type for Class A fires:

· Pump type

· Pressurized water

· Pressurized loaded stream

2. Foam extinguishers for Class A and B fires;

· stored pressure

3. Carbon dioxide for Class B and C fires;

· self-expelling gas,

· stored pressure

4. Halon and clean agents for Class B and C, or Class A, B, and C

5. Dry chemical for Class B and C or Class A, B, and C fires (also some dry

powder, Class D extinguishers)

· Stored pressure

· Cartridge-operated type

6. Wet chemical for Class K fires;

· stored pressure

Pump-type extinguishers are hand-pumped devices of two designs depending on whether the pumps internal or external to the tank (for example, backpack pump that is designed for wildfires).

Pressurized water, pressurized loaded stream, and stored pressure extinguishers operate by means of an expelling gas that propels the agent out of the container.

Cartridge-operated extinguishers are used for some regular and multipurpose dry chemical and most dry powder Class D extinguishers.

Дата добавления: 2014-12-27