Тренировочные упражнения. Предложения с вводящим словом there

Предложения с вводящим словом there

В сочетаниях there с глаголом to be в разных временных формах (there is, there are, there was, there were, there will be, there has been и т.д.) слово there самостоятельного значения не имеет, и все сочетание переводится целиком словами есть, имеется, существует, был, существовал, будет и т.п. Например:

There are many types of climates across the Earth.

На Земле есть много типов климата.

In 2005 there were 12 named storms and 4 hurricanes in the USA.

В 2005 году в США произошло 12 вышеупомянутых бурь и 4 урагана.

There will be a noticeable increase in the earth's average temperature in the next decade.

В следующем десятилетии будет наблюдаться заметное увеличение средней температуры земли.

Слово there сочетается не только с глаголом to be, но и с модальными и некоторыми другими глаголами: should, must, can, may; exist, come, live. При этом на русский язык переводится только глагол. Например:

There must be some available method of estimating net effective rainfall.

Для определения общего количества осадков должен существовать некий доступный метод.

There exist different kinds of precipitation.

Существуют различные виды осадков.

Если в предложении с вводящим словом there есть и наречие there, то оно ставится в конце. Например:

There were several fertilizers applied there.

Там вносилось несколько удобрений.

Упражнение 1.

Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. There remains to be mentioned only one point known as the "extended duration" period.

2. For millions of years there have been repeated advances and retreats of the sea over many districts.

3. If there is no relatively impervious stratum above the water table, there may be no surface runoff, and the flow will be well sustained.

4. From the geographical point of view there is thus a general and regional oceanography both using statistical and descriptive methods.

Упражнение 2.

Переведите, обращая внимание на порядок слов в русском предложении.

1. There are about 7000 synoptic weather stations on earth.

2. There is the formation of a pollutant layer in the city.

3. There are many physical models of tornadoes.

4. Today there is a lot of information about past climate.

5. Through geologic time there has been constant change in springs.

6. Representative are the conditions that prevail in the wet southern part of Iceland. The climate there is decidedly maritime.

Упражнение 3.

Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Where there is water, there is life.

2. There is not much rainfall in this region in summer.

3. There is a great variety of instruments used for measuring the amount of precipitation.

4. The topography varies from morainic to flat but there is very little swamp land.

5. The greatest flood regarding which there is reliable information occurred in 1897.

6. Thus there are three major estimates of the extent of flood damage.

7. There has been much dispute over the applicability of this method in agricultural hydrology.

Упражнение 4.

Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод оборота «Thee + be».

1. In the last days of July 2001 there was a big rain event.

2. In such soils there are also very big pores which are connected to each other.

3. There is one type of climate over the equatorial Pacific Ocean and another type at the North Pole.

4. Due to friction there is a progressive loss of energy by the sea waves with an increase in depth.

5. In deserts there is a great difference between day and night temperatures.

6. In colder districts there will be no need for costly containers to transport ice, it will be dumped into regular water catchments and sold in retail outlets.

7. There is a great deal of study to be done.

8. There were many reasons for ocean study.

9. There is much cooperation between the scientists.

10. There will be more understanding between oceanologists.

11. There has been much radioactive waste.

12. If there are clouds the white light will dilute the blue.

13. There are important consequences for long-term climate change.

14. There are many classes of models, and within each class there are many implementations and variations.

15. For example there are simple equivalent barotropic models of the atmosphere.

Упражнение 5.

Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод оборота «Thee + be».

1. There are also clear connections with the cryosphere (glaciology) and the biosphere (biology, ecology).

2. When there is an atmosphere, like the one on Earth, some of the gases that make up the atmosphere can absorb infrared radiation.

3. Using the solar constant, we can calculate Earth's temperature if there were no atmosphere.

4. However, if we allow the solar constant to be constant at the equator and the poles, there is still an important effect of geometry, namely the angle between the incoming photons (which we can think of as parallel rays of light) and the direction normal to the surface (which can be thought of as the local vertical direction, looking straight up, the sun is not always overhead).

5. We know the solar constant (1367 Wm − 2), so if we integrate over the Earth's surface, we know how much incoming energy there is.

6. There are really just three paths a photon (a "particle" of light) can take.

7. We can (to a reasonable approximation) assume that the atmosphere is transparent to shortwave radiation, meaning there will be no absorption.

8. Of course, in reality there is some emissivity associated with different surface types, but we neglect that here.

9. These time scales are greater than centuries, and there are important millennial and multi-millennial signals in the so-called paleo record.

10. At time scales even longer than ice ages (105 years), there are large variations of climate associated more with geological processes than atmospheric and oceanic.

11. There are many classes of models, and within each class there are many implementations and variations.

12. In fact, there are entire volumes devoted to the history of numerical modeling of just the atmosphere.

Упражнение 6.

Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод оборота «Thee + be».

1. In the ocean, there are simple box models that are somewhat analogous to the axially symmetric models of the meridional circulation of the atmosphere.

2. For example there are simple equivalent barotropic models of the atmosphere.

3. That there is some uncertainty most decidedly does not mean that we can't trust climate model results, nor does it mean there is built in "wiggle room" in the models.

4. While there were many skeptical scientists in the past, as the evidence has mounted (especially using satellite-based data), even the most ardent skeptics have come to the determination that humans are changing the climate.

5. Increases in precipitation over Greenland, combined with other warming effects there, leads to pools of liquid water that melt into the ice sheet as moulins.

6. If we allow the solar constant to be constant at the equator and the poles, there is still an important effect of geometry, namely the angle between the incoming photons (which we can think of as parallel rays of light) and the direction normal to the surface (which can be thought of as the local vertical direction, looking straight up, the sun is not always overhead).

7. We can imagine it is the level at which the downward shortwave radiative flux is negligibly different from the solar constant and where there is negligible downward longwave flux (that due to the sun, which is small).

Дата добавления: 2014-12-27