Present a summary of the text

Summarize each paragraph from the text in one or two sentences.

Use the vocabulary practiced in tasks 2 and 3 to make up situations of your own.

Tasks

1. Find the Russian equivalents for the following words and word-combinations:

to abridge, so-called unabridged dictionaries, a misleading word, an original work, to count or to list all the words of any language, to list, merely, because of their great number, constantly, written descriptions of words, to come into being, to stay the same, from year to year, from moment to moment; to be in the process of becoming something different, a life cycle, to come into existence; to disappear,

for whatever reason, to satisfy, making a new word by borrow­ing one, a historically important source of new words, from prehistoric times, our linguistic ancestors, to adopted words, to come from abroad, moreover, near and far, the origins of our vocabulary, it is hard to find, to coin, to imitate.

2. Make sentences of your own using the following words and phrases:

it is hard to find; you might suppose that; 'nothing comes from nothing';

3. Explain the meaning of the following word-combinations and phrases:

words made from scratch; root-creation; echoic or onomatopoetic words;

4. Fill in the blanks (use the text for reference):

1) In spite of the … of borrowing, no more will be said about it here.

2) Loan-words are best …. as part of the general history of English.

3) Moreover in current English, words are not … as often as they are …

within the language.

4) New words can be made …— the process is called root-creation— or they can be built out of existing vocabulary material.

5) One such example may be googol, a term … by the mathematician Edward Kasner to … ten to the hundredth power or a number … one followed by one hundred zeros.

6) Whether the story is … or not, the word googol does … to have been created from no other words at all, its very root being arbitrarily …

7) No matter … and … a dictionary-maker may be, … he has gathered his words, … of them, and published his book, old words will have changed and new ones will have …

8) The language … the same from year to year, or even from moment to moment; it is constantly … of becoming something ….

9) Words have a life cycle. They come into …; they change in sound

and meaning; and they disappear. Now we will look at this life cycle of the

vocabulary, … with some of the ways words come into existence.

10) From time to time men feel … for a new word, either because they

have something new to … about or because they have grown dissatisfied

with the words they … have.

5. Make your own list of key–units and topical vocabulary

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