Leonardo da Vinci

Read the text and answer the questions below.

Reading

Complete the dialogue.

Communication

Put the verbs in the correct forms.

Module 4 Self-Assessment (Units 13-15)

Vocabulary & Grammar

1. If I (to study) hard, I (to pass) my exam.

2. If the weather (to be) tomorrow, we (to go) to the countryside.

3. If she (to be) my friend, I (to invite) her to my birthday party.

4. If I (to come) earlier, I (to see) her.

5. If he (to explain) the way, I (to come) on time.

6. If you (to ask) me, I (to email) your documents.

7. Poems (to write) by the boy.

8. The white car (to drive) by the girl.

9. Enough money (to collect) by them.

10. Anew restaurant (to open) next month.

11. I wish I (to play) the guitar.

12. I wish I (to do) that yesterday.

13. I wish I (to be) at work.

14. Helen: "Tom is at home." Helen said that Tom _____ at home.

15. Max: "Frank often reads a book." Max told me that Frank often _____ a book.

16. "I always wake up early," she says. She says that she always _____ early.

17. Let it (to be).

18. She dreams of (to become) a teacher.

19. She wanted (to buy) a house.

20. He is good at (to write).

· Serge: There are so 1) _____ things to do in London. What can we do tomorrow? Any 2) _____?

· Jenny: I’m not 3) _____. I’ll get the guidebook. Um. What 4) _____ the Tate Modem? It’s got a 5) _____ of modern sculpture.

· Serge: That 6) _____ good.

· Jenny: Right. Let’s go to the Tate Modern in the morning. Now what 7) _____ the afternoon?

· Serge: I’d like to see the Hayward Gallery. 8) _____ that near?

· Jenny: I’ll look at the map. Oh yes, 9) _____ quite near.

· Serge: Right. We’ll go 10) _____ after lunch then.

Da Vinci was one of the great creative minds of the Italian Renaissance, hugely influential as an artist and sculptor but also immensely talented as an engineer, scientist and inventor.

Leonardo da Vinci was born on 15 April 1452 near the Tuscan town of Vinci, the illegitimate son of a local lawyer. He was apprenticed to the sculptor and painter Andrea del Verrocchio in Florence and in 1478 became an independent master. In about 1483, he moved to Milan to work for the ruling Sforza family as an engineer, sculptor, painter and architect. From 1495 to 1497 he produced a mural of 'The Last Supper' in the refectory of the Monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan.

Da Vinci was in Milan until the city was invaded by the French in 1499 and the Sforza family forced to flee. He may have visited Venice before returning to Florence. During his time in Florence, he painted several portraits, but the only one that survives is the famous 'Mona Lisa' (1503-1506).

In 1506, da Vinci returned to Milan, remaining there until 1513. This was followed by three years based in Rome. In 1517, at the invitation of the French king Francis I, Leonardo moved to the Château of Cloux, near Amboise in France, where he died on 2 May 1519.

The fame of Da Vinci's surviving paintings has meant that he has been regarded primarily as an artist, but the thousands of surviving pages of his notebooks reveal the most eclectic and brilliant of minds. He wrote and drew on subjects including geology, anatomy (which he studied in order to paint the human form more accurately), flight, gravity and optics, often flitting from subject to subject on a single page, and writing in left-handed mirror script. He 'invented' the bicycle, airplane, helicopter, and parachute some 500 years ahead of their time.

If all this work had been published in an intelligible form, da Vinci's place as a pioneering scientist would have been beyond dispute. Yet his true genius was not as a scientist or an artist, but as a combination of the two: an 'artist-engineer'. His painting was scientific, based on a deep understanding of the workings of the human body and the physics of light and shade. His science was expressed through art, and his drawings and diagrams show what he meant, and how he understood the world to work.

1. When was Leonardo da Vinci born?

2. When did Leonardo da Vinci become an independent master?

3. What did Leonardo da Vinci produce from 1495-1497?

4. When was “Mona Lisa” painted?

5. How was Leonardo da Vinci’s science expressed?

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