Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous?

1. Present Perfect expresses a completed action.

e.g. I’ ve painted the kitchen and now I’m painting the bath.

Present Perfect Continuous expresses an activity over a period and the things that happened during the activity.

e.g. I’ ve got paint on my hair. I have been painting the kitchen.

2. Present Perfect is used to say how much we have done, how many things we have done, how many times we have done something.

e.g. Sam has played tennis 3 times this week.

They have written 10 letters today.

Present Perfect Continuous is used to say how long something has been happening.

e.g. Sam has been playing tennis since 2 o’clock.

They have been writing letters all day.

3. Present Perfect expresses a permanent state.

e.g. I have lived there all my life.

Present Perfect Continuous expresses a temporary activity.

e.g. I have been living there for the past few months.

4. There is a number of verbs (mostly stative verbs) that can’t be used in Present Perfect Continuous, but only in Present Perfect Tense.

e.g. Tom and I have known each other since we were at school.

How long have they been married?

Ex. 17. Read the situations and write 2 sentences, one sentence with Present Perfect and one sentence with Present Perfect Continuous.

e.g. Tom has been translating the text since morning.

Tom has translated five pages of the text so far.

1. Linda is from the U.S.A. Now she is traveling round the Europe. She began her tour 3 months ago.

She / travel / around Europe for three months.

She / visit / 6 countries so far.

2. Jimmy is a tennis champion. He began playing tennis when he was 11. Now he won the national competition for the fourth time.

He / play / tennis since he was 11.

He / win / the national competition four times.

3. Bill and Andy work for the tourist firm. They started working together when they left college.

They / work / for the firm since they left college.

They / open / several branches of the firm since they began working.

4. Samantha studies languages. She began studying languages when she was a schoolgirl.

Samantha / study / languages since her childhood.

Samantha / study / 5 languages since her childhood.

Ex. 18. Match a line in A with a line in B.

A	B
1) Anna’s gone	1) out with Paul for ages.
2) Anna’s been going	2) to China for a few months.
3) I’ve smoked	3) too many cigarettes today.
4) I’ve been smoking	4) since I was sixteen.
5) She has studied	5) five languages.
6) She has been studying	6) English for many years.
7) She has been working	7) for the same firm all her life.
8) She has worked	8) for the same firm for a year.
9) I’ve never read	9) this book since Sunday.
10) I’ve been reading	10) the best book of my life.
11) They have been going	11) to France for their holiday for many years.
12) The have gone	12) to France for their holiday this year.

Ex. 19. Complete the sentences with the correct verb form. Listen and check.

1. Trains to airport _______ (travel) every half hour.

2. Clouse _______ (spend) about $ 1.25 million roaming in the past 40 years.

3. He _______ (not believe) there are evil empires and evil people.

4. Until this century only very rich and leisured people in society _______ (have) free time and the money to travel outside their local area.

5. During 1970 the advent of cheap package holiday _______ (result) in many people being able to enjoy sun, beaches and food in any hot country.

6. Cruise lines _______ (put) a lot of time and effort into developing their shore excursion programmes.

7. International travel completely _______ (change) and the world _______ (become) a global village.

8. Focusing on the 17^th and 18^th centuries the exhibition _______ (cover) one of most brilliant in evolution of Russian art and craftsmanship.

9. Stonehenge’s orientation on the rising and setting sun _______ always (be) one of its remarkable features.

10. Advertising agencies _______ (become) more and more interesting in ways in which people spend their leisure time now.

11. Some companies _______ (insist) that bosses should take four or five weeks off, because they _______ (find) that people work better if they _______ (have) a break.

12. Transport links _______ (expand) and business _______ (increase) between Austrian Airlines and Eastern Block destination for the last 10 years.

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