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Language Study




Pronunciation

 

Mind the pronunciation of the sound [ ə: ] in different vowel combinations in the stressed syllables before r + a consonant sound:

 

ear er ir ur wor [ə:] learn person first further work

 

Ex. 8. Find out the word in each line which does not contain [ ə:]. Listen and check.

 

1. a) heard 2. a) refer 3. a) were 4. a) efficient 5. a) surround b) commercial b) create b) curved b) research b) permanent c) first c) personal c) heritage c) word c) excursion d) desire d) expert d) world d) earn d) service  

Ex. 9. Put the words into different columns according to their spelling. Read the words aloud.

 

Further, earn, world, nursery, early, furniture, firm, permanent, first, terminal, dirty, burnt, worth, nerve, word, bird, confirm, surname, murder, birch, surgeon, virtue, verb, certainly, circle, circus, working, prefer, fertile, heard, merger.

 

-or- -ur- -ir- -er- -ear-
word        

 

 

1. Remember the main adjective suffixes.

 

1. -ic dramatic historic 2. -ble arable considerable 3. -ful beautiful powerful 4. -ive attractive impressive
5. -al natural royal 6. -ous famous mysterious 7. -ent excellent permanent 8. -ite favorite polite
9. -ish foolish stylish 10. -ly friendly lively 11. -ate fortunate moderate 12. -ar singular particular

 

2. Remember that adjectives are formed from nouns, not verbs. There are two endings with the adjectives which can be mixed with verb forms: - ing, - ed, but adjectives derived from nouns. Adjectives with - ing, - ed - endings are used to describe something, often appearance:

 

e.g. leg – long- legged

curve – curved

shoulder – broad-shouldered

interest – interesting

pity - pitying

3. There are a great number of adjectives having no endings at all, these are root adjectives.

 

smart nice long old wild vast fine safe high good kind bad

4. Adjective-forming suffixes traditionally means:

-able, - ible both mean “capable of being” as in visible, incredible, affordable;

-al, -ar, -ic, -ical all mean “having the quality of” as in special, typical, economic, circular;

-ful means “characterized by” as in careful, beautiful, doubtful, dreadful, cheerful;

-less means “without” as in careless. nameless, costless, pennyless, changeless;

-ous means “like, full of” as in famous, continuous, simultenuous, anonymous, mysterious;

-ive means “ having the quality of” as in active, aggressive, extensive, creative, attentive.

Ex. 10. Read the word combinations and mind suffixes in the adjectives. Group adjectives from Ex. 9 according to their endings into 9 groups.

 

Tropical rains; instructive tour; expensive ticket; safe beach; famous people; dramatic change; particular area; impressive news; mild climate; exciting city; military group; mysterious kind; international tennis-courts; beautiful countryside; lively company; fascinating journey; smart shop; considerable distance; natural beauty; distant place; prehistoric monument; delightful town; popular resort; fortunate traveller; medieval city; colourful valley; suitable hostel; friendly atmosphere.

 

1. - ful 2. - ive 3. - al 4. - ous 5. – (e)nt 6. - ful 7. – (a)ble 8. - ic 9. - no ending

 

Ex. 11. Complete the sentences using suitable adjective. Listen and check.

 

1. The city has (отличный) _________ -ent shopping centre and leisure facilities within easy reach of Torque’s (известный) _________ -ous marina (= small port).

2. Situated in (прекрасный) _________ -ful valley of the riverside Sidmouth, (привлекательный) _________ -ive holiday town has become (популярный) _________ -ar with English people.

3. Warm climate and (дружеский) _________ -ly atmosphere make the city a particularly (доступный) _________ -able and safe place for foreign students to stay.

4. Stonehenge is the most important (доисторический) _________ -ic monument in Europe.

5. You will have a very cheap day in London if you take your own sandwiches and drinks, as food can be very (дорогой) _________ -ive.

6. Now you are held back by a rope (= веревка) of an (значительный) _________ -able distance from the mighty stones.

7. Old Sarum was founded in Iron Age and was the site of the (первоначальный) _________ -al city of Salisbury, vast settlement standing high above.

8. In the East Sussex (прелестный) _________ -ful, (древний) _________ -ent town of Rye is situated which must be remembered concerning the great Battle of Hastings.

 

Ex. 12. Fill in the table.

 

noun verb adjective
impression ……….. impressive
origin originate ………..
relation relate ……….
………… attract attractive
creation create ……….
enjoyment enjoy ………..

 

Ex. 13. Read the text and complete it using adjectives from the nouns below. Listen and check.

 




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