Студопедия

КАТЕГОРИИ:


Архитектура-(3434)Астрономия-(809)Биология-(7483)Биотехнологии-(1457)Военное дело-(14632)Высокие технологии-(1363)География-(913)Геология-(1438)Государство-(451)Демография-(1065)Дом-(47672)Журналистика и СМИ-(912)Изобретательство-(14524)Иностранные языки-(4268)Информатика-(17799)Искусство-(1338)История-(13644)Компьютеры-(11121)Косметика-(55)Кулинария-(373)Культура-(8427)Лингвистика-(374)Литература-(1642)Маркетинг-(23702)Математика-(16968)Машиностроение-(1700)Медицина-(12668)Менеджмент-(24684)Механика-(15423)Науковедение-(506)Образование-(11852)Охрана труда-(3308)Педагогика-(5571)Полиграфия-(1312)Политика-(7869)Право-(5454)Приборостроение-(1369)Программирование-(2801)Производство-(97182)Промышленность-(8706)Психология-(18388)Религия-(3217)Связь-(10668)Сельское хозяйство-(299)Социология-(6455)Спорт-(42831)Строительство-(4793)Торговля-(5050)Транспорт-(2929)Туризм-(1568)Физика-(3942)Философия-(17015)Финансы-(26596)Химия-(22929)Экология-(12095)Экономика-(9961)Электроника-(8441)Электротехника-(4623)Энергетика-(12629)Юриспруденция-(1492)Ядерная техника-(1748)

B) Study the text, give your own alternative title to it, and try to encounter the main types of presentations and their formats. Draw up the plan of the text




I. a) Read the following text, draw in your notebook and complete the table by filling the columns with the underlined words according to the part of speech they are in the text and by forming all possible parts of speech. The example is given.

IV. Guess the word. The meaning is given to you.

III. Find the meaning of the following words.

1.e to introduce a to prepare smth. using a process; to use a computer program to work on data in some way (e.g. to sort a database or recalculate a spreadsheet)
2. to implement b to divide smth. equally
3. to submit c to make smth. whole, to finish, accomplish smth.
4. to interact d to find the answer to a question or puzzle
5. to process e to talk about smth. new, to mention a matter for the first time
6. to complete f propose or hand in smth.; to agree to undergo smth.
7. to solve g to communicate or work together, to act on each other
8. to share h carry out or fulfill smth.; to provide or equip smb. with tools or other means to do smth.

1. to act or do smth. in reaction to smth. else, to say or write smth. in reply –

2. to supply smb. with smth. or be a source of smth. needed or wanted by smb.-

3. to have a prevailing influence on smb. or smth –

4. to combine separate items into a single whole –

5. emission, act of making smth. available –

6. to contain, to have smth. as a constituent element –

Task 3 Can you read and understand? Let’s try!

verb translation noun adjective/ adverb synonym
to recognize розпізнавати recognition recognizably know, identify, distinguish, make out
         
         

Historically operating systems have been tightly related to the computer architecture, it is good idea to study the history of operating systems from the architecture of the computers on which they run. Operating systems have evolved through a number of distinct phases or generations which corresponds roughly to the decades.

The 1940's - First Generations

The earliest electronic digital computers had no operating systems. Machines of the time were so primitive that programs were often entered one bit at time on row s of mechanical switches (plug boards). Programming languages were unknown (not even assembly languages). Operating systems were unheard of.

The 1950's - Second Generation

By the early 1950's, the routine had improved somewhat with the introduction of punch cards. The General Motors Research Laboratories implemented the first operating systems in early 1950's for their IBM 701. The system of the 50's generally ran one job at a time. These were called single-stream batch processing systems because programs and data were submitted in groups or batches.

The 1960's - Third Generation

The systems of the 1960's were also batch processing systems, but they were able to take better advantage of the computer's resources by running several jobs at a time. So operating systems designers developed the concept of multiprogramming in which several jobs are in main memory at once; a processor is switched from job to job as needed to keep several jobs advancing while keeping the peripheral device s in use.

For example, on the system with no multiprogramming, when the current job paused to wait for other I/O operation to complete, the CPU simply sat idle until the I/O finished. The solution for this problem that evolved was to partition memory into several pieces, with a different job in each partition. While one job was waiting for I/O to complete, another job could be using the CPU.

Another major feature in third-generation operating system was the technique called spooling (simultaneous peripheral operations on line). In s pooling, a high-speed device like a disk interposed between a running program and a low-speed device involved with the program in input/output. Instead of writing directly to a printer, for example, outputs are written to the disk. Programs can run to completion faster, and other programs can be initiated sooner when the printer becomes available, the outputs may be printed.

Note that spooling technique is much like thread being spun to a spool so that it may be later be unwound as needed.

Another feature present in this generation was time-sharing technique, a variant of multiprogramming technique, in which each user has an on-line (i.e., directly connected) terminal. Because the user is present and interacting with the computer, the computer system must respond quickly to user request s, otherwise user productivity could suffer. Timesharing systems were developed to multiprogram large number of simultaneous interactive users.




Поделиться с друзьями:


Дата добавления: 2015-03-31; Просмотров: 705; Нарушение авторских прав?; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы!


Нам важно ваше мнение! Был ли полезен опубликованный материал? Да | Нет



studopedia.su - Студопедия (2013 - 2024) год. Все материалы представленные на сайте исключительно с целью ознакомления читателями и не преследуют коммерческих целей или нарушение авторских прав! Последнее добавление




Генерация страницы за: 0.01 сек.