A) Fill in the blanks with suitable verbs, wherever necessary

Translate the following sentences using the Gerund.

She cannot read English without consulting a dictionary.

Complete the following sentences using the Gerund

Exercises

Model: She cannot read English without…

1. My friend went home instead of… 2. The students went on… 3. When the teacher entered the classroom the students stopped… 4. Have you finished…
5. I went to bed after… 6. The friends spoke of… 7. You must turn the light off before…

1. Прежде чем делать опыты, необходимо проводить наблюдения. 2. Много лет назад люди научились защищать свои дома от ударов молнии. 3. Существуют различные способы получения электрического тока. 4. Ученые продолжали изучать новое явление. 5. Пирометр используется для измерения температуры горячих металлов. 6. Франклин изобрел громоотвод для защиты зданий от ударов молнии. 7. Ходить пешком очень полезно. 8. Атомный реактор используется для получения атомной энергии.

8. Find the Gerund in the text, define its function:

b) Answer the following questions:

1. What … the earliest manifestation of electricity? 2. What … electricity?
3. What … the early Scandinavians think about thunderstorms? 4. Who … burning millions of tons of coal? 5. What property … Thor’s hammer? 6. Who … invented the lightning conductor? 7. What experiments … Lomonosov and Rihman make? 8. What device … constructed by Rihman? 9. Who … constructed the first measuring device?

10. What questions are answered by the words in bold type in the following sentences?

1. Benjamin Franklin made his kite experiment. 2. Nobody understood that phenomenon. 3. The story of his kite is known all over the world. 4. On a stormy day Franklin and his son went into the country. 5. The key was connected to the lower end of the string. 6. Soon the kite was flying high among the clouds. 7. The electric sparks proved that lightning is a discharge of electricity. 8. The wet string conducted the electricity. 9. Franklin invented the lightning conductor.

11. Translate the following sentences paying attention to both, both…and:

1. The students made two experiments: they were both interesting and useful.
2. Both scientists studied atmospheric electricity. 3. Both of us will work in the Institute laboratory to morrow. 4. Both Lomonosov and Rihman were great scientists; both of them worked at atmospheric electricity. 5. Both these devices were constructed in Moscow. 6. Electricity is used both in industry and in everyday life.
7. Both nuclear power and solar energy will be widely used in the future. 8. Lightning and atmospheric electricity are one and the same thing: both of them are used in literature. 9. Many scientists and inventors; both Russian and foreign, have greatly contributed to the development and practical application of the electric current. 10. Both chemical energy and mechanical energy can be changed into electricity.

12. Fill in the blanks with prepositions:

1. It is dangerous to go … a stormy day. 2. Lightning is a very great flash … light resulting … a discharge … atmospheric electricity. 3. Protecting building … lightning was the first discovery … the field … electricity used … the good … mankind. 4. … thousands … years people knew nothing … thunderstorms. 5. Lightning flashes are followed … thunder which can be heard … kilometers around. 6. There is always some danger … a thunderstorm … a very high building or a man standing … the open field. 7. It is difficult to see a single drop … water … the sea. 8. Some scientists … the past melted metals … the help … solar furnaces. 9. Modern civilization cannot do … electrical appliances. 10. The electric current is necessary … the operation … trolleybuses, buses and modern trains.

13. Translate into Russian:

(a) the only son; the only example known; the only method of solving the problem; only you can do it for me; coal is not only a source of heat, but also a source of valuable chemical substances; the letter was sent only yesterday;

(b) many students were present; at the present time; the present article; he is in Moscow at present; that is all for the present; good-bye for the present.

14. Form five sentences combining suitable parts of the sentence given
in columns I and II:

I II

1. Generator 1) measures the temperature of hot melted metals.

2. Lightning conductor 2) lifts objects weighing thousands of tons.

3. Battery 3) turns electrical energy into mechanical energy.

4. Electric crane 4) protects buildings from lightning strokes.

5. Pyrometer 5) turns mechanical energy into electrical energy.

15. Describe Franklin’s kite experiment.

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