Полнозначные и служебные слова

Test

Translate and compare. Mind variants of the predicate.

1. The device is faulty; you cannot/should not rely on its readings.

2. The cable is to/will be used to test the transmission line.

3. The electric field can be/may be thought of as consisting of a number of lines of force.

4. Nowadays one must/can connect power stations into power grids..!

5. One has to/should take safety precautions.

6. Deserts are to/may be turned into gardens by solar energy.

7. The current must/should be as small as possible not to melt the wires.

8. A fast reactor has to/is to/must be designed to produce more fuel than itl consumes.

9. The heat from the nuclear chain reactor can/is to be removed by thel coolant.

Choose the correct form:

1. One can {reduce, be reduced) heat losses in a transmission line.

2. Heat losses should {reduce, be reduced) constantly and effectively.

3. The output of machinery is steadily being {increasing, increased).

4. Man has been constantly {increasing, increased) the output of machin­ery.

5. The main principles of energy production has {being, been) known to science for a long time.

6. The energy industry {undergoes, is undergoing) considerable develop­ment.

7. Development of nuclear power plants for civil use {began, has began) in the mid-1950s.

Все слова в языке подразделяются на полнозначные и служебные. К полнозначным относятся существительные, смысловые глаголы, прила­гательные, наречия, числительные. Служебные слова не обозначают кон­кретных предметов, действий, качеств. В предложениях они связывают полнозначные слова и помогают обратить их в связную речь. К числу служебных (их называют и «короткие слова» - "small words") относятся артикли, предлоги, служебные и модальные глаголы, их заменители, союзы, послелоги. Знание служебных слов и понимание их роли необхо­димы для грамотного осмысления английского текста. Не следует, выпи­сав из словаря полнозначные слова, пытаться связывать их «по смыслу». Перевод следует осуществлять только с опорой на значения «коротких слов».

30. In the following examples the verb to be has different meanings. What
are they?

1. These stations can be linked up into a network.

2. It is advisable to link up these stations into a single network.

3. These stations are to be linked up into a single network.

4. Will the stations be linked up into a single network?

5. They are linking up the stations into a network.

31. Complete the sentences using the required prepositions: according to,
because of, through, of, at, for, by, during, in, in case of, into:

1. The power transmitted... a wire is the product... the voltage times the amperage.... resistive losses, it is desirable to transmit power... low

- 104-

- 105-

amperage and high voltage.... doubling the voltage, the capability... a given circuit can be quadrupled.

2. Devices are classed... the operation they are intended....

3. This type... aerial is useful and popular... its small size.

4.... a faulty device its readings are not to be relied...

5. Coal and oil contain sulfur... concentrations... a few percent.

6. As these fuels are burned, the sulfur is converted... sulfur-dioxide gas.... the operation... a plant, the sulfur-dioxide and other products are discharged... the air stacks, some... which are about 305 metres high.

32.Complete the sentences using the required conjunctions {both... and, than, until, since, provided, before).

1. Some devices work equally well... on direct... alternating current.

2. The set is used in regions without electricity... it operates without a battery.

3. One should turn the knob... a click is heard.

4.... one flies to other planets one should collect as much information as possible about them.

5. Glass becomes a conductor... it is heated to a red hot.

6. A small current is cheaper... great because the wires need not be so thick.

Дата добавления: 2015-05-08