Студопедия

КАТЕГОРИИ:


Архитектура-(3434)Астрономия-(809)Биология-(7483)Биотехнологии-(1457)Военное дело-(14632)Высокие технологии-(1363)География-(913)Геология-(1438)Государство-(451)Демография-(1065)Дом-(47672)Журналистика и СМИ-(912)Изобретательство-(14524)Иностранные языки-(4268)Информатика-(17799)Искусство-(1338)История-(13644)Компьютеры-(11121)Косметика-(55)Кулинария-(373)Культура-(8427)Лингвистика-(374)Литература-(1642)Маркетинг-(23702)Математика-(16968)Машиностроение-(1700)Медицина-(12668)Менеджмент-(24684)Механика-(15423)Науковедение-(506)Образование-(11852)Охрана труда-(3308)Педагогика-(5571)Полиграфия-(1312)Политика-(7869)Право-(5454)Приборостроение-(1369)Программирование-(2801)Производство-(97182)Промышленность-(8706)Психология-(18388)Религия-(3217)Связь-(10668)Сельское хозяйство-(299)Социология-(6455)Спорт-(42831)Строительство-(4793)Торговля-(5050)Транспорт-(2929)Туризм-(1568)Физика-(3942)Философия-(17015)Финансы-(26596)Химия-(22929)Экология-(12095)Экономика-(9961)Электроника-(8441)Электротехника-(4623)Энергетика-(12629)Юриспруденция-(1492)Ядерная техника-(1748)

Chemical warfare




Anthrax vaccine

Cultivating anthrax

 

Theoretically, anthrax spores can be cultivated with minimal special equipment and less than a first-year collegiate microbiological education, but in practice the procedure is difficult and dangerous. To make large amounts of an aerosol form of anthrax suitable for biological warfare requires extensive practical knowledge, training, and highly advanced equipment.

 

Even with a good lab (isolation chamber and harvest equipment) and a few staff workers it might take a year to come up with a product of superb quality. The spores in the Daschle letter were 1.5 to 3 micrometres across, many times smaller than the finest known grade of anthrax produced by either the U.S. or Soviet bio-weapons programs. An electron microscope, costs approximately a hundred thousand USD + which is needed to verify that the target spore size have been consistently achieved. However, less than superb quality anthrax is much easier to cultivate and is still very potent.

 

Concentrated anthrax spores were used for bio-terrorism in the 2001 anthrax attacks in the United States, delivered by mailing postal letters containing the spores. Only a few grams of material were used in these attacks and in August 2008 the US Department of Justice announced they believed that Dr. Bruce Ivins, a senior bio-defence researcher, was responsible.

 

Bruce Ivins was a right wing, Christian, cultural conservative who allegedly sent several anonymous letters to members of the US Congress and the media causing five fatalities and injuring dozens of others.

 

 

 

Anyone with ambitions to grow an anthrax strain should first attain immunity through the use of a vaccine combined with a full protective suit w. gas mask or using an isolation chamber with integrated protective gloves. A proper vaccine is approximately 93% effective in preventing infection.

 

The trade name is BioThrax, although it is commonly called Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA). It is administered in a six-dose primary series at 0,2,4 weeks and 6,12,18 months; annual booster injections are required thereafter to maintain immunity.

 

 

See also:

 

2001 anthrax attacks

Gruinard Island - site of British bio-weapons trials in 1942

Sverdlovsk Anthrax leak

Unit 731

 

 

Chemical warfare (CW) involves using the toxic properties of chemical substances as weapons to kill, injure, or incapacitate an enemy.

 

Chemicals that are toxic enough to be used as chemical weapons, or that may be used to manufacture such chemicals, are divided into three groups according to their purpose and treatment:

 

Examples include nerve agents, ricin, lewisite and mustard gas.

 

 

Easily obtainable chemical agents include:

 

Uragan D2 (manufactured for killing bugs). Three kilogram is enough to kill as many as 40 000 people. The product is currently only produced by one Austrian company but it is easily obtainable. The “acid gas” vaporises as soon as the hermetically sealed containers are opened. Extremely small doses of this chemical is needed to kill a person.

 

 




Поделиться с друзьями:


Дата добавления: 2015-05-31; Просмотров: 427; Нарушение авторских прав?; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы!


Нам важно ваше мнение! Был ли полезен опубликованный материал? Да | Нет



studopedia.su - Студопедия (2013 - 2024) год. Все материалы представленные на сайте исключительно с целью ознакомления читателями и не преследуют коммерческих целей или нарушение авторских прав! Последнее добавление




Генерация страницы за: 0.011 сек.