I have a headache (toothache/ terrible pain in the spleen). 1 страница

IX. Beowulf

Swa sceal geong guma gode gewyrcean,
fromum feohgiftum on fæder bearme,
þæt hine on ylde eft gewunigen
wilgesiþas, þonne wig cume,
leode gelæsten; lofdædum sceal

in mægþa gehwære man geþeon.
Him ða Scyld gewat to gescæphwile
felahror feran on frean wære.
Hi hyne þa ætbæron to brimes faroðe,
swæse gesiþas, swa he selfa bæd,

þenden wordum weold wine Scyldinga;
leof landfruma lange ahte.
þær æt hyðe stod hringedstefna,
isig ond utfus, æþelinges fær.
Aledon þa leofne þeoden,

beaga bryttan, on bearm scipes,
mærne be mæste. þær wæs madma fela
of feorwegum, frætwa, gelæded;
ne hyrde ic cymlicor ceol gegyrwan
hildewæpnum ond heaðowædum,

billum ond byrnum; him on bearme læg
madma mænigo, þa him mid scoldon
on flodes æht feor gewitan.
Nalæs hi hine læssan lacum teodan,
þeodgestreonum, þon þa dydon

þe hine æt frumsceafte forð onsendon

ænne ofer

X.Thureth

Ic eom halgungboc; healde hine dryhten
þe me fægere þus frætewum belegde.
þureð to þance þus het me wyrcean,
to loue and to wurðe, þam þe leoht gesceop.

Gemyndi is he mihta gehwylcre
þæs þe he on foldan gefremian mæg,
and him geþancie þeoda waldend
þæs þe he on gemynde madma manega
wyle gemearcian metode to lace;

and he sceal ece lean ealle findan
þæs þe he on foldan fremaþ to ryhte.

— 11. Давньоанглійські розмовні формули

Gretingas and Lytel Spræc/ Greetings and Small Talk

Hello.Wes þu hal [ wes thu hal ].
Good-bye.God þe mid sie [ god thē mid sie ].

Good morning (day/ evening).	Good night.
God morgen (dæg/ æfen).	God niht.
god MOR-yen (dey/ Æ-fen).	god ni kh t.

How are you?	I am fine.	And you?
Hu gæþ hit?	Hit gæþ god.	And þe for?
hu gæth hit?	hit gæth god.	and the for?

Ic hæbbe heafodece (toþwærc/ atolicne miltewærc).

ich HÆB-be HEA-fod-e-che (TOTH-wærk/ A-to-lich-ne MIL-te-wærk).

What is your name?	My name is Alfred.
Hu hatte þu?	Ic hatte Ælfræd.
hu HAT-te thu?	ich HAT-te ÆLF-ræd.

Excuse me, Lord Alfred.	I'm sorry, Lady Ealhswith.
Forgief me, Leof Ælfræd.	Ic sarie, Leof Ealhswiþ.
FOR-yief me, leof ÆLF-ræd.	ich SA-rie, leof EAL KH -swith.

Please.	Thank-you.	Yes.	No.
Ic bidde.	Ic þancie þe.	Gea.	Na.
ich BID-de.	ich than-chie the.	yea.	na.

He is Lord Alfred.	Knight/ Count/ Duke/ King
He is Ælfræd, hlaford.	Ridere/ Eorl/ Ealdorman/ Cyning
he is ÆLF-ræd, HLA-ford.	RI-de-re/ eorl/ EAL-dor-mann/ KY-ning

She is Lady Ealhswith.	Countess/ Duchess/ Queen
Heo is Ealhswiþ, hlæfdige.	Ides/ Ealdorwif/ Cwen
heo is EAL KH -swith, HLÆf-di-ye.	I-des/ EAL-dor-wif/ kwen
What time is it? Hwæt is seo tid? hwęt is sēo tid?	It is 6am (9am/ noon/ 3pm/ 6pm/ 9pm/ midnight). Hit is prim (undern/ middæg/ non/ æfansang/ nihtsang/ midniht). hit is prim (UN-dern/ MID-dey/ non/ Æ-fan-sang/ NI KH T-sang/ MID-ni kh t).

On þæm Markte/ At the Market

Where are the merchants? Hwær sind þa cypmenn? hwær sind tha CHYP-menn?	Do you have a saddle (brooch/ bow)? Hæfst þu sadol (preon/ bogan)? hæfst thu SA-dol (preon/ BO-gan)?
How much is it? Hwæt is þæt ceapgyld? hwæt is thæt CHEAP-yyld?	It is one (two/ three) dollars. Þæt ceapgyld is an (twa/ þreo) hund peninga. thæt CHEAP-yyld is an (twa/ threo) hund PE-ning-ga.
	four/ five/ six/ seven/ eight/ nine/ ten feower/ fif/ siex/ seofan/ eahta/ nigon/ tien FEO-wer/ fif/ siex/ SEO-fan/ EA KH -ta/ NI-yon/ tien
Do you have gloves (capes/ socks)? Hæfst þu glofa (cæppan/ soccas)? hæfst thu GLO-fa (KÆP-pan/ SOK-kas)?	Do you have it in blue (green)? Hæfst þu hit on hæwenre (grenre) deage? hæfst thu hit on HÆ-wen-re (GREN-re) DĒA-ye?
	red/ yellow/ purple/ brown/ black/ white reod/ geolu/ purpuren/ brun/ blæc/ hwit reod/ YEO-lu/ PUR-pu-ren/ brun/ blæch/ hwit

Where is the battlefield?	Where is an inn?
Hwær is seo wælstow?	Hwær is inn?
hwęr is sēo WĘL-stow?	hwær is inn?

Do you have a room?	Where is the bathroom?
Hæfst þu bur?	Hwær migþ man?
hæfst thu bur?	hwær mijth man?

Go up (downward).	Turn right (left).
Ga uppe (niþerweard).	Gecirto swiþrum (winstrum).
ga UP-pe (NI-ther-weard).	ye-CHIR to SWITH-rum (WINS-trum).
Where is the stable? Hwær is se steall? hwær is se steall?	I wish to buy a horse (hound/ pelican). Ic wille hors (hund/ dufedoppan) bycgan. Ich WIL-le hors (hund/ DU-FE-dop-pan) BY-jan.
Æt þære Ceastre/ At the Castle Where is the feast-hall? Hwær is beorsele? hwær is BEOR-se-le?	Are you coming to the feast? Cymst þu to beorscipe? kymst thu to BEOR-shi-pe?

	Sit with me.
	Sitt mid me.
	sitt mid me.
Pass the bread (cheese/ butter/ salt). Gief me to handa hlaf (cyse/ butere/ sealt). yief mē to HAN-da hlaf (chy-se/ BU-te-re/ sealt).	I want to bite your sweetcakes. Ic wille þin swetmetas bitan. ich WIL-le thin SWET-me-tas BI-tan.
May I bite your cake (radish/ nose)? Mot ic þin focan (rædic/ nosu) bitan? mot ich thin FO-kan (RÆ-dich/ NO-su) BI-tan?	What a magnificent moustache! Hwæt micellic cenep! hwæt MI-chel-lich che-nep!

Do you have a knife?	What a long weapon!
Hæfst þu cnif?	Hwæt lang wæpen!
hæfst thu knif?	hwæt lang WÆ-pen!

I like this drink (mead).	I like this beer (cider).
Þes drinc (medu) licaþ me.	Þis beor (æppelwin) licaþ me.
thes drink (ME-du) LI-kath me.	this beor (ÆP-pel-win) LI-kath me.

Would you have some more? Wilt þu ma habban? wilt thū ma HAB-ban?	My stomach feels like a wet otter. Min maga þyncþ me swa wæt otor. min MA-ga thykth mē swa węt O-tor.
What a beautiful dress (necklace)! Hwæt sciene hrægel (healswriþa)! hwęt SHĪE-ne HRĘ-yel (HEALS-wri-tha)!	You have such shining gems (such shining pearls). Þu hæfst swilce glade gimmas (swilc gladu meregrotu). thu hæfst SWIL-che GLA-de YIM-mas (swilch GLA-du ME-re-gro-tu).
What do you do for fun? Hwæt dest þu for gamne? hwæt dest thu for GAM-ne?	I play with dice (chessmen). Ic plegie mid tæflum (peorþum). ich PLE-yie mid TÆF-lum (PEOR-thum).
Would you like to dance? Licaþ hit þe hleapan? LI-kath hit the HLEA-pan?	I play the lyre (pipes/ tambourine). Ic plegie hearpan (pipan/ timpana). ich PLE-yie HEAR-pan (PI-pan/ TIM-pa-na).
Yes, I would like to dance. Gea, hit licaþ me hleapan. yēa, hit LĪ-kath mē HLĒA-pan.	No, I would not like to dance. Na, hit ne licaþ me hleapan. na, hit ne LĪ-kath mē HLĒA-pan.
You move like a swan (walrus/ wounded ostrich). Þu gæst gelic swane (nicore/ wundum strytan). thu gæst ye-LICH SWA-ne (NI-ko-re/ WUN-dum STRY-tan).

Greetings

Ic grete þe.	I greet you (sing.).
Ælfric abbod gret freondlice Sigwerd æt Eastheolon.	Aelfric Abbot greets in-friendship Sigwerd at Eastheolon.
Cnut cyning gret his arcebiscopas... freondlice.	Cnut King greets his archbishops... in-friendship.
Willelm cyngc gret ealle mine þegenas on Eoferwicscire Frencisce and Englisce freondlice.	William King greets all my thegns in Yorkshire, French and English, in friendship.
Wes ðu hal.	Hail! or Farewell! ('be thou hale/healthy/well (etc.)')
Hal wes þu.
Sy ðu hal.
Wes gesund.
Beoð ge gesunde.	Hail! or Farewell! (plural)
Wilcume.	Welcome!
Wilcuman la, mine hlafordas.	Welcome, my lords!

Forms of Address

Broðor min	My brother,...
Sweostor min	My sister,...
Lareow	Teacher,...
Leof	Friend,... (or Sir,...)
Hlaford	Lord,...
Hlaford min	My lord,...
Hlæfdige	Lady,...
Hlæfdige min	My lady,...
Men ða leofestan	Dearest men,...
Leofe broðra	Dear brothers,...

Introductions

Hwæt eart þu?	Who are you (sing.)?
Beowulf is min nama.	My name is Beowulf.
Min nama is Michael.	My name is Michael.

Interjections (betwuxaworpennyss)

Wa me	Woe is me!	Short Replies
Eala	Alas! Lo! (etc.)	Giese.	Yes.
La	Lo! Oh! Ah! (etc.)	Gea.
Wa la wa	Woe! (etc.)	Nese.	No.

Reply Headers

Useful when quoting previous messages (e.g. using the 'Reply' function in e-mail):

*Sarra ure sweostor awrat on þæm iii dæg thæs monþes:

cf. 'On Sat, 3 Jan 1997, Sarah L. Higley wrote:'

Ic þe þancas do	Thank you [I give you (sing.) thanks]
Ic sæcge eow þancas	Thank you [I say you (pl.) thanks]
Ic þancie þe	Thank you [I thank you (sing.)]
Soþ is þæt þu segst!	What you (sing.) say is true!
Wel ðu writst.	You write well.
Ic nat.	I don't know.

Useful Connectives / Miscellaneous

and (&, 7)	And	Broðor, ic þe secge...	Brother, I say to you (sing.):...
Ac	But	Ic þe axige...	I ask you (sing.):...

¨ 12. Словник (Староанглійська – сучасна англійська мови)

A

acolian, wv. 2—to cool; denom, fr, col (s.)

acolmod, adj.— of a fearful mind, timid; acol, adj.— frightened 4- mod (s.)

acsian, ahsian, w v. 2— to ask; ME asken,

ād, n. m. a— funeral pile, pile

a-lecgan, wv. 1 —to lay; a+lecgan (s.)

alighten, v .— to alight, de-cend, make tight;

an, num.—one; ME on, o, an

and, con/.—and, along with, if

andefn, n. n. a—equality, measure; and, prp.-1-efn (s.)

andZit, n. n. a—understanding, intellect, knowledge;

Zietan (s. besietan)

andswarian, andswerian, ul'v. 2— to answer;

andswaru, n.f. о —answer; ME andsware, ondswere, anawerelire/.

andwyrdan, wv. 1— to answer; denom., fr. andwyrde=and+word, n, n. a

Angelcynn, n. n. (—the Angles— Englishmen; Angel, Angle+cynn (s.)

anginn, angyn, n. n. a—a beginning; an, on+ginn... (ginnan) (s, onginnan)

aras—s. a-risan

a-risan, s w.1 — to arise

auisen, L-.—to take thought, reflect

aungel, n.—angeil Lat. angelus

avenlure, n.— chance, occurrence; risk, chance of danger; exciting occur-гепсе

awappen, v.— to astonish; orig. unknown

awhaped—s. awappen

awendan, wv, 1— to turn away, change, translate; s. wendan

æfre, adv.— ever; ME ever, efre (a—in—feorh) æfter, prp. —after, along; ME aii.er

aeftra, adj— next; comp. of sefter

æZþег, prn.— either, each, both; ME either, aither (a-sihwce'fier) æ3þer зе... 3е.. -, con/. — both... and

æZhwæm, prn., dat. pi. of aeshwa (гез—any—hwa)—any

æZhwylc, prn.— everyone, everything

æ1с, ælch(e) prn.—each;

æld— s. eald

æniZ, æneZ, prn.—any

ær - before

ætlicZan, sv. 5— to lie still, idle

B

ba, num. —both; s. BeZen

baþ, n.n.a—bath; ME bath

bathen, v. —to bathe; OE banian;

bæc, n.n. a—back; ME bac

bærnan, beornan, biornan, sw. 3, Ir/int —to burn; ME bernen, brennen

be, bi, prp. —by, near, to; for, because of; about, concerning;

bead— s. beodan

bearn, n.n.a —child; ME barn

beatan, su. 7, p.t. beot—to beat, strike; ME beaten, beten

bebeodan, sw. 2— to enjoin; make a will; s. beodan

bec—s. boc

becuman, sv. 4 —to come, arrive, reach; ME becomen,

bee, n. —a bee; OE beo

befæstan, befestan, wv. 1—to fasten; establish; commend; be+fæstan (s.)

befeallan, sv. 7—to fall; to fall off; s. feallan

befeolan, sv. 4— to commit, deliver, grant; be+feolan

bеаZ, beah, n.m.a.—ring, bracelet, collar; ME beah

bēZ—s. bеаз, beah

bеZеn prn., т.; -both

be-Zitan, beZietan, sv. 5— to get, acquire; ME begeten, yeten

begnornian, wv. 2— deplore, mourn;

beodan, sv. 2— to bid, command; proclaim; offer, give; ME beden, beoden, bieden; bedden, shows influence of bidden—to offer, to command; later merges with bidden (MnE bid)

beon, irr. suppl. v.— beo, bist, biþ; p.t. wæs, wæron—to be;

beorht, ad].— bright, sihining; ME briht Russ. береза, береста

beornan, biernan, byrnan, su. 3— to burn, be on fire

beoþan, beoþun—are, s. beon

beran, su. 4— to bear, carry; produce, bring forth; endure, suffer;

bet, adv.— better; rather... than

betæcan v.— to show; commit, put in trust; s. taecan

betæhte—s. betæcan

beten—s, beatan

bicgan, bycgan, p.t. bohte, wv. irr. 1— to buy; ME buggen, byen

bidan, sv. /—to wait; ME biden;

biddan, sv. 5—to ask, pray, beseech; ME bidden—pray, beg; command;

bifallen, v.— to happen, chance; s. befeallan

bindan, sv. 3— to bind

bineoþan, biniþап, prp. —beneath, under

bisceop, biscop, biscep, n.m.a— bishop;

bio, byo—s. beon

boc, n.f.cons,—book;

bocere, n.m.a— learned man;

bothe—s. ba

brad, adj.— broad, wide;

brak—s. brecan

bræþ, n .m. i.—breath; ME breeth, breth, breath

breath, breeth, n,—breath;

brecan, sv. 4— to break; ME breken

bread, п.п.а—bit, morsel; ME bread, bred,

breZdan, sv. 3— to move, weave, vibrate; ME breiden

breZer— dat. sing. Of b гоþоr (s.)

brycg, bricg, n.f.o—bridge; ME brigge, brugg

bright—s. beorht

brinZan, p.t. brohte, vsv. irr. 1 —to bring; ME bringen

broyded—s. BreZdan

broþor, n.m.r— brother; ME brother

brouh—s. brucan

brucan, sv. 2 —to use, to enjoy; ME bruken

buan, irr.v. —bude, 3ebūn—to dwell; ME buen

bude—s. buan

bufan, prp., adv.— above;

buZan, sv. 2— to bow, bend; surrender; ME bowen, bo5en|

burh, burZ, n.f.cons., dat. Byri3— fortress, castle, town

burZware, n.f.o (col.) —citizens of a town, country; ME burhware

butan, buton, prp., con/.—l) without; 2) except, unless

C

cas, caas, n.— event, chance, state, condition;

casten, u.— to cast, throw; superseded OE weorpan

causen, v.— to cause; der. ir. cause, n. Lat. causa

ceap, n .m.a —cattle; sale, bargain, business, market; ME chep, n.— pur­chase, bargain;.

ceapian, wv. 2— to buy, purchase; ME cheapien, cheapen; MnE cheap

ceapstow, n.f.wo— marketplace; s. ceap, stow

cearu, n.f. o care, sorrow, grief; ME care

ceosan, s.v 2—to choose; ME chesen, cheosen;

cepan, wv 1—to keep, guard, observe

сере þing, n. pi.— merchandise;

cep-setl, n.n.a— toll booth; сер, ceap (s.)—setl+seat; rel. to sittan cild, n.n.es— child; ME

child n.n.es —child

cynedom, n.m.a—reign, kingdom;

cynerice, n.n. ja— kingdom;

cyning, n.m.a— king; ME kining,

cynn, n.n.ja —sort, kind; race, family; nation (cf. Angelcynn)

сyре, a dj. —slave; cype cniht—a bought slave; s. ceap, cneoht

cypemann, n.m.cons. —merchant; s. ceap, mann

cyrce, cyrice, cir(i)ce, n.f.n— church; ME chirche, churche,

суðаn, wv 1to make known, proclaim, announce; ME сиđеп

clæne, adj. —clean; ME klene

clæþian, wv. 1 —to clothe

clerk, n.~ clerk, clergy man, scholar

clowd, n.— cloud; in OE rock, hill; OE clūd, n.n.a

cnawan, cneow, sv. 7 — to know; ME knowen

cneoht, cniht, n.m.a—boy, youth; man of arms; ME knight

col. adj. —cool; ME col

colur, n. —coIour com — s. cuman

companye, n. —company, group con—s. Cunnan

corage, n. —spirit, nature; purpose, bravery

corn, n.n.a—corn; ME corn

cræft, n.m.a—power, might; art, skill; trade; knowledge; cunning; any snip; ME craeft, craft;

creature, n—creature

crien, v.— to cry; call out

crop, n.— crop; OE crop, n.m.a

cu, n.f.cons., pl. суn—cow

cuman, sv. 4, p.t. com, comon—to come, arrive; ME comen, cumenl

cunnan, v. prt.-prs., p.t. cann, cunnon, ptple cūđe—can, to be able; to know; ME cunnen—to be able; to know

cwen, n.f. i—woman; wife; queen

cwet—s. cweþan

cweþan, sv. 5—to say, speak; ME cweđen; MnE bequeathe

D

daZus—s. dæZ

dæZ, daZas, n.m.a—day; ME day, dai

dæl, n. n i—dale, valley; ME dale

dæl, n.m.i— part; part of speech in grammar; deal

dead, adj.—dead;

deaþ n.m.a—death;

deman, wv 1—to deem; judge; give one's opinion;

denisc, ad}.— Danish

depe—s. deop adj—deep; ME dep, deep

desport, n.— disport, pastime; sport; ME amusement, sport, liveliness:

docga, n.m.n —dog; ME dogge; displaced the former hund

doghter—s. dohtor

dohtor, n.f.r— daughter; ME doghter

dōm, n.m.a— judgement; decree; law; command; power; dignity; free will, choice; ME dom, dome, doom; MnE doom

don, irr. v., p.t. dyde, piple Zedōn—to do, perform, make, cause;

dor, n.n.a— door, a large door; ME dor, door

doutte, rt.— doubt, uncertainty, fear

dream, n.m.a— 1) Joy, pleasure, mirth; 2) what causes mirth—a musical instrument; ME dremen (to rejoice)

dream-leas, adj. — joyless, sad

drifan, sv. /—to drive, force, pursue; ME dryven, driven

dryft, n.— driven snow; course, direction; driving or being driven; MnE drift

dryZe, adj.— dry; ME drie; hence druZian—to dry; dru3aþ—droughft

driht-Zuma, n.m.n —a warrior

drihten, n.m.a—lord, creator, judge; ME drihten rel,

to dreoZan, sv. 2—to accomplish, carry through, suffer.

drincan, sv. 3—to drink; ME drinken,

durran, v. prt.-prs., prs. t. dearr, durron, p.t. dorste—dare, presume

duru, n.f.n—door; ME dure, dor,

dwellan, wu. irr. 1 —to lead astray; delay; ME dwellen—to stay

E

ea, n.f.cons.— water; a river;

eac, conj.— also, moreover; ME eac, ec, eke;

eadiZ, adj. —happy, upright;

еаZе, n n n—еуе; ME eye

eahta. num.— eight

eald, adj., сотр. yldra, sup. yldest—old, ancient; great

eall, adj.— all;

ealweZ, adv.— always, quite;

earm, n.m.a— arm; ME arm, aerm

east, n.m.a—east; ME est, eest, aest

eastan, estan, a du.— from the East; s. east

ec = eac (s.)

ecg, n. f.jо:—edge, blade, sword; ME ecge, egge

efn, adv.—even

efne, adv.— even; precisely; exactly; s. efn, adj.

efstan, wv. 1 —to hasten, hurry; denom. fr. ofost—hurry

eft, adv.— again; ME eft, efte

effer—s. aefter

ende, n.n.Ja—end; ME ende

englisc, adj.— English;

eny—any; s æniZ

eode— s. gan

eorþe, n.f.o:—earth.Mf erthe

eow, oiw—you; ME eow, уои

eower prn.—your

erly, adj., adv.—early

espye, v.—to descry, notice;

est—s. east

estan, a dv.— from the East

etan, su. 5— to eat, ME eten, ete

everich—every; s. aefre, æ1с

excusen, wv.— to ехcuse

F

fæder, n.m.r— father;

faran, sv. 6—to go, to travel; ME faren,

fæZer, adj. —fair, beautiful

fæst, ud/.—fast, firm

fæstan, wv 1— to fasten

fea, feawa, adj.— few; ME fewe

fealdan, sv. 7, p.t. feold—to fold, wrap; give way, alter

feallan sv 7, p.t. feoll—to fall; ME failen

fela, fæla, feala, adj., adv.— many; very much;

felan, wv. /—to feel; ME fele, felen

felawe, fellawe, n.— fellow, partner

felawshipe, n.m.a— fellowship;

feld, n.n.a— field; ME feld

felen—s. felan

feo, feoh, n.n.a —cattle; money, value, fee, reward; property; ME fee,

feohan, sv. 5—to rejoice

feohtan, su. 3—to fight; ME fehten, fihten

feond, fiend, n.m.nd—enemy, ME feond, feend, fiend;

feor, adv.—far, ME ferre, feor

feorran, adv. —far off, from far

feower, num.—four; ME foure

feowertiZ, пит.— forty

fif -five

fiftene, fiftyne, num.— fifteen;

fiftiZ, num.—fifty;

fil, p.t, of fallen—s. teallan

fyliþ, v., 3rd prs.—s. feallan

findan, sv. 3 - to find; ME finden, fynden,

fierd, fyrd, n.f.i—army

fisc, n.m.a (pi. fiscas, fixas)—Fish; lat- piscis

folc, n.n.a— folk, people, tribe

folZian, fylZan, wv. 2 —to follow; ME folwen

folye, n.—folly

folk—s. folc

foresprecan, sv. 5 —to foretell

foreswiZian, wv. 2— to pass over in silence, to be silent;

foreweard, adj., adv.— forward

forhwæZa, adv.— at least

forlætan, sv. 7— to leave; omit; forgive;

foron—s. faran

forwiernan, w.v. /—to prevent

forwyrcan, w. v. 1 irr. —to do wrong

forþ, adv.— completely, away, forth

forðan, forðām, coni.— for that, for that reason which, because

forþgenge, adj.— progressive, increasing, effective

fremman, wv. 1—to advance, make, do, perform; ME fremmen

freo, frio, cdf.—free; ME free, fre

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