Страдательный залог

Exercise4.Translate the sentences.

1. She will have cooked dinner by the time you come.2.The teacher will have looked through all exercise-books by the end of the week.3.The film will already have started when we get there.4.I shall have read the book by the next Monday.5.My parents will have gone to bed when we come back from the theatre.6.The students will have passed their exams by July.7.We shall have finished our work by the time the bell rings. 8. By next winter he will have sold all his things. 9. We shall have solved this difficult problem by the end of the week.10.I shall have read the book by next week.

Passive voice

Когда в центре внимания говорящего находится лицо или предмет, который подвергается действию, или когда нет необходимости упоминать лицо, совершающее действие, глагол употребляется в страдательном залоге:

Many students discussed this question. (Active Voice.) – This question was discussed by many students. (Passive Voice.)

Страдательный залог образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be и третьей основной формы смыслового глагола (Participle II).

This country is washed by many seas.

В отрицательной форме частица not ставится после вспомогательного глагола:

This country is not washed by many seas.

В вопросительной форме страдательного залога вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим:

Is this country washed by many seas?

When was this monument built?

Временные формы страдательного залога употребляются согласно тем же правилам, что и соответствующие им временные формы действительного залога.

Спряжение глагола to take в страдательном залоге.

	Present	Past	Future
Simple	am / are / is taken	was / were taken	shall / will be taken
Continuous	am / are / is being taken	was / were being taken	---
Perfect	have / has been taken	had been taken	shall / will been taken

Exercise 1. Make the sentences negative and interrogative.

1) The post is delivered every morning. 2) He is often sent parcels. 3) Coffee is imported from Brazil. 4) Those paintings were sold for 500 pounds each. 5) That is a good book. It was written by George Orwell. 6) The letter will be sent tomorrow. 7) The gob will be advertised in the morning paper tomorrow. 8) I was often invited to his place. 9) I was asked to do it. 10) She is often sent postcards.

Exercise 2. Paraphrase the following sentences. Give two variants if possible.

Model: They often show us foreign films at the University.

1) We are often shown foreign films at the University.

2) Foreign films are often shown to us at the University.

1) They publish newspapers here. 2) They deliver mail in the morning. 3) They showed the scientists a new research centre.

4) They paid him only part of the money. 5) I think you will be asked to help them. 6) The report will be typed in an hour.7) The report is prepared by the students. 8) A new skating-rink is being built in our city. 9) This house was built last year.10) I have been invited to the party.

Exercise 3. Ask general questions:

1) We are given a lot of work to do. (you)

2) Footwear is sold in this shop. (textile)

3) They are taught Spanish. (French)

4) The letter was brought in the evening. (telegram)

5) The key was lost some days ago. (book)

6) Steve will be told about it. (marry)

7) The article will be typed today. (the letters).

8) The article is prepared by the student. (it).

9) The theatre was built last year. (cinema).

10) A new shop was opened last month. (market).

Exercise 4. Ask special guestions:

1) They are taught two foreign languages. 2) This journal is not published in Moscow. 3) Mr.Brown was highly paid

last month. 4) The library was closed yesterday. 5) The meeting will be held in room 20. 6) He will be paid a lot.7) This book will be translated by next week. 8) The letter was written last Monday. 9) The telegram was sent in the morning. 10) They are taught English.

Условные предложения.

Conditional sentences

В английском языке существует 2 вида условных предложении: Real conditionals для выраженя действий коорые возможно или определенно будут иметь место в будущем времени и Unreal conditionals показывает действие которое не совершено.

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