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Enumeraton




APPOSITIONS

ADVERBIAL PHRASES

 

Adverbial phrases at the beginning of a simple sentences are normally stressed and form separate sense-groups pronounced with the Low Rise or the Mid-Level tone.

 

e.g. Yesterday I stayed in all day.

In front of the house, there is a green lawn.

In sentence final position adverbials are not stressed and don’t form separate sense-groups.

 

e.g. I stayed in all day yesterday.

There is a lawn in front of the house.

 

An adverbial at the end of the sentence can form a separate sense-group if it is an afterthought, additional comment, clarification, etc.

 

e.g. Any news from Mary? – She’s coming to Boston, this after noon.

 

Practice;

 

1. A few minutes later we heard a knock at the door.

2. I was utterly exhausted by the end of the week.

3. At the door I shook Fanny’s hand and left.

4. A few years ago, the place was quiet and desolate.

5. There was an old, creaky rocking-chair on the farthest corner of the room.

6. In September the weather here is still fine, but in October most days are quite nasty.

7. Why not drop in at his office, instead of phoning him?

8. He thought it was his good luck to have such an opportunity so early in his career.

 

 

 

Appositions are words that restate or identify a noun or pronoun. As a rule, appositions form separate sense-groups and repeat the melody of the previous sense-group which they are closely connected with.

 

e.g. Jack has a wife, Jennifer, and two children, a son and a daughter.

Practice:

 

1. The master called loudly for Mr. Bumble, the man in charge of the workhouse.

2. He was my mother’s old friend, Mr. Davis, who once was my music teacher.

3. Kublai khan, grandson of Genghis, was the first Mongol emperor of all China.

4. Michael Jackson, the king of pop, was once married to, Elvis Presley’s daughter.

5. The Natural History Museum, which is part of the British Museum, moved to its present site in

1880.

6. The river Thames flows by two more parks, Hampton Court park and bushy Park.

 

 

 

Enumeration is represented in sentences with homogeneous members. Each enumerated word is stressed and requires a separate sense-group pronounced with the Rise, the last enumerated word is pronounced with the Fall.

 

e.g. He got up early, ate his usual breakfast, read his morning paper, and left for the city.

 

Since the falling tone carries more conviction than the rising tone, the use of the fall makes the utterance more expressive. Pronounced with the falling tone, enumeration sounds more emphatic.

 

 

Practice:

1. You are learning to speak, to understand, to read and to write English.

2. His voice was musical, soft and lulling.

3. London bridge, built of stone was a remarkable achievement. Shops, houses and a chapel were

built on the bridge.

4. The visitor was the most astonishing contrast to the tall, thin, grey-haired, neatly-dressed scientist

5. It was a dark, gloomy, forbidding house.

6. There are camps, camping sites, hostels and tourist centers for young travellers.

7. I’ll toss up a snowball, and make him look out, and then say a kind word to him.

8. Hair, clothing and jewelry all send messages to a prospective employer.

9. The university sent us catalogues, maps, housing applications and other information.

10. We used to go out, walk around the town, meet our friends and live happily.




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