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Breaking speech into units.




Билет

Курс

«Практическая фонетика» экзамен ответы

Answer: As we speak we group words into units depending on meaning and emphasis. F.ex: // I can remember as children//we were naughty//once// we stuck a picture// of an elephant//on the back of Dad`s coat//before he went out// of course he couldn`t see it// so he didn`t know why everyone was laughing at him// until he got to work// and took it off//.

We call these speech units and mark them with//.

Although there are no rules about how we divide speech into units, some words are more likely to go together than others in order to help make sense of the message.

f.ex: //we stuck a picture// of an elephant// is more likely than:

//we stuck a// picture of an elephant//

Sometimes the division of speech into units can make a difference in meaning:

1//we were rather naughty // once // we stuck a picture// of an elephant//…

2// we were rather naughty once // we stuck a picture// of an elephant//…

In 1, once goes with we stuck a picture of an elephant and shows that the speaker is giving an example of the many times they were naughty. In 2, once goes with we were naughty and suggests that we were naughty only one time.

When we want to emphasise words in order to draw particular attention to them, we can put them into very short speech units:

//we were rather naughty//or for emphasis://we were rather//naughty//

2. Make the phonetic analysis of the following words:

Optimistic, stable, adventurous, critical

Optimistic-[, Ͻpti`mistik] 10 letters, 4 syllables, 4 vowels- 4 short-o,i,i,i, 0 long, 6 consonants, 4 strong noise consonants p,t,s,k, 1 sonorants m, acc to the work of vocal cords: 4 voiceless p,t, s,k, 0 voiced, to the manner of articulation: 4 occlusive voiceless cons: p,t, k, 1 occlusive nasal sonorants m, voiceless fricatives s, acc to position of the active organ of speech: 2 labial: bilabial- p,m, 2 lingual: alveolar- t, 1 interdental-s, backlingual-k.

Stable -[`steibl] 6 letters, 2 syllables, 2 vowels, 0 long, 2 short-e,i, diphtong-ei, 4 consonants, acc to the work of vocal cords: 1 voiced-b, 2 voiceless-t,s, noise consonants: 1 weak noise consonants: b, 2 strong noise cons- s,t, 1 sonorants-l, acc the manner of articulation: 2 occlusive stops (plosives) b,t, 1 constrictive fricatives-s, 1 constrictive sonorants- l. acc to position of the active organ of speech: 1 labial-bilabial-b, 2 lingual: interdental-s, alveolar-t.

Critica l- [`Kritikl]8 letters, 3 syllables, 2 vowels, 5 consonants: 3 strong noise cons- k,k,t, 2 sonorants, acc to the work of vocal cords: 0 voiced, 3 voiceless-k,k,t. the manner of articulation: 3occlusive voiceless cons- k,k,t, 2 constrictive sonorants-l,r. the place of articulation: position of the active organ of speech: 5 lingual: 3 forelingual: interdental: l, alveolar-t, post alveolar r, 2 backlingual-k,k.




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