Consonant clusters at the beginning of the words

Билет

Rolled

Occlussive-constrictive

Constrictive

Occlusive

Noise consonants:

Occlusive noise cons: [p,t,b,d,k,g]

constrictive fricatives (noise cons): [f,v,Ө, δ, s, z., ʃ, ʒ, h]

Occlussive-constrictive (affricates): [tʃ, ʤ]

Sonorants:

Occlusive:m,n,η

Constrictive: w,l,r,j

22 билет 1 Prefixes and word stress. Answer: Prefixes and word stress. Eng pr p34(full) Some words are made up of a prefix and a root. Prefix --- dis like---- root Common prefixes include: -de-, dis-, il-, re-, un-. Sometimes the root can be used as an independent word (e.g: like) but other roots cannot (e.g` renounce` but not `nounce`). In some words the prefix is unstressed and is only made prominent for particular contrast. Compare: A: Do you enjoy driving? B: No, I really dislike it   A: I thought you LIKED driving? B:No, I really DISlike it (contrast)   Other words with these prefixes have secondary stress on the prefix: ,decom`pose,recon`sider,unaf`ected   In words with de- and re- prefixes is usually pronounced /di-/ and /ri-/ if it is unstressed and /di:/ and /ri:-/ if it has secondary stress. Compare: De`grade /di-/ but,decom`pose /di:/ Re`claim /ri-/ but,recon`sider /ri:/    

2. Make the phonetic analysis of the following words:

Chain – [‘tʃein] – 5 letters, 1 syllable, 1 vowel sound, 1 diphthong-ei, short vowel-no, long vowel-no, 2 cons sounds, noise cons – voiced(weak)-no, 1 voiceless - tʃ, 1 sonorant- n. acc manner of art – noise cons- occlusive-no, constrictive-no, 1 occlusive-constrictive-tʃ. sonorants- 1 occlusive- n, constrictive-no. acc place of art – labial-no, lingual-forelingual- 1 interdental- n, alveolar-no, post-alveolar-no, 1 palate-alveolar- tʃ, mediolingual-no, backlingual-no, glottal-no.

Merge – [‘mǝ:dʒ] – 5 letters, 1 syllable, 1 vowel sound, diphthong-no, short vowel-no, 1 long vowel- ǝ:, 2 cons sounds, noise cons – 1 voiced(weak)-dʒ, voiceless-no, 1 sonorant- m. acc manner of art – noise cons- occlusive-no, constrictive-no, 1 occlusive-constrictive-dʒ. sonorants- 1 occlusive- m, constrictive-no. acc place of art – 1 labial- 1 bilabial-m, labiodental-no, lingual-forelingual- interdental-no, alveolar-no, post-alveolar-no, 1 palate-alveolar- dʒ, mediolingual-no, backlingual-no, glottal-no.

Genuine – [‘dʒenjuin] – 7 letters, 3 syllables, 3 vowel sound, diphthong-no, 3 short vowel- e, u, i, long vowel-no, 4 cons sounds, noise cons – 1 voiced- dʒ, voiceless-no, 3 sonorant- n, n, j. acc manner of art – noise cons- occlusive-no, constrictive-no, 1 occlusive-constrictive-dʒ. sonorants- 2 occlusive- n, n, 1 constrictive- j. acc place of art – labial-no, lingual-forelingual- 2 interdental- n, n, alveolar-no, post-alveolar-no, 1 palate-alveolar- dʒ, mediolingual- palatal- j, backlingual-no, glottal-no.

3. Classification of consonants according to the place of articulation:

According to the position of the active organ of speech against the point of articulation consonants may be:

Labial

Lingual

Glottal

1. Labial consonants are made by the lips. They may be bilabial and labio-dental. Bilabial cons. Are produced when both lips are active. They are: [p,b,m,w]

Labio-dental cons are articulated with the lower lip against the edge of the upper teeth. [f,v]

2. Lingual consonants are classified into forelingual, mediolingula, backlingual

Forelingual cons are articulated with the tip or the blade of the tongue

Acc.to the place of obstruction forelingual cons:

Interdental [Ө, s,z,n,l]

Dental

Alveolar: t,d

Post alveolar: r

Palato alveolar: ʃ, ʒ, ʤ, tʃ

Mediolingual cons are produced with the front part of the tongue. They are always palatal: j,η

Backlingual cons are also called velar, because they are produced with the back part of the tongue raised towards soft palate: k,g

3. Glottal cons h is articulated in the glottis.

A consonant cluster (or consonant blend) is a group of consonants which have no intervening vowel. In English, for example, the groups /spl/ and /ts/ are consonant clusters in the word splits.

To create the b sound, my lips press together, then release. In the b-r cluster, the r sound begins at the same time as the lips open. This creates the followin g sound: /br/. The b-r cluster is at the beginning of the following words:

break
bring
brother

In order to be understood clearly you should:

· Avoid changing a consonant in a cluster to a different consonant For ex: saying `present` to pleasant`

· Avoid leaving out one of the consonant sounds For ex: saying `problem` for `problem`

· Avoid adding an extra vowel between consonants F.ex: `tewin` for `twin`

· Avoid adding an extra vowel at the beginning of the word F.ex: `estop` for `stop`

2. Make the phonetic analysis of the following words:

Inaudible [in’ɔ:dǝbǝl] – 9 letters, 4 syllables, 4 vowel sound, diphthong-no, 3 short vowel- i, ǝ, ǝ, 1 long vowel- ɔ:, 4 cons sounds, noise cons – 2 voiced(weak)- d, b, voiceless-no, 2 sonorant- n, l. acc manner of art – noise cons- 2 occlusive- b,d, constrictive-no, occlusive-constrictive-no. sonorants- 1 occlusive- n, 1 constrictive- l. acc place of art – 1 labial- 1 bilabial-b, labiodental-no, lingual-forelingual- 2 interdental- n,l, alveolar-no, post-alveolar-no, palate-alveolar-no, mediolingual-no, backlingual-no, glottal-no.

Memorable [‘memǝrǝbl] – 9 letters, 3 syllables, 3 vowel sound, diphthong-no, 3 short vowels- e,ǝ,ǝ, long vowel-no, 5 cons sounds, noise cons – 1 voiced(weak)-b, voiceless-no, 4 sonorants-m,m,r,l. acc manner of art – noise cons- 1 occlusive-b, constrictive-no, occlusive-constrictive-no. sonorants- 2 occlusive- m,m, 2 constrictive- l,r. acc place of art – labial- 3 bilabial-m,m,b, labiodental-no, lingual-forelingual- 1 interdental-l, alveolar-no, 1 post-alveolar-r, palate-alveolar-no, mediolingual-no, backlingual-no, glottal-no.

Mosque [‘mosk] - 6 letters, 1 syllable, 1 vowel sound, diphthong-no, 1 short vowel-o, long vowel-no, 3 cons sounds, noise cons – voiced(weak)-no, 2 voiceless-s,k, 1 sonorant- m. acc manner of art – noise cons- 1 occlusive-k, 1 constrictive-s, occlusive-constrictive-no. sonorants- 1 occlusive- m, constrictive-no. acc place of art – labial- 1 bilabial-m, labiodental-no, lingual-forelingual- 1 interdental-s, alveolar-no, post-alveolar-no, palate-alveolar-no, mediolingual-no, 1 backlingual-velar-k, glottal-no.

3. Classification of consonants according to the degree of noise.

Answer: According to the degree of noise English consonants are divided into 2 classes:

Noise consonants: strong noise consonants: [p,t,k,f,Ө, s,f,h,tʃ], weak noise cons: [b,d, g,v, ʤ, ʒ, δ, z]

Sonorants are made with tone prevailing over noise because of a rather wide air passage. [m, n, η, w,l,r, j]

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