Ex.8. Translate the sentences into English

AC overhead equipment

Ex.6. Read and translate the text.

Ex.5. Translate attributive groups into Russian.

Ex.2. Match synonyms in A and B.

Ex. 1. Answer the following questions.

1. How is electricity supplied to trains on the railway?

2. What is a pantograph?

3. Compare a diesel train and an electric train.

4. What is the purpose of regenerative breaking?

5. What can be the sources of electricity?

6. What are disadvantages of electric traction?

A. use (v), motor, purpose, overhead line, supply (v), generate, power (n), some, work (v).

B. aim, energy, operate, apply, engine, provide, several, catenary, produce.

Ex.3. Use suffixes –(t)ion, -ment, (s)sion to form nouns from the given verbs:

verb: generate, transmit, distribute, produce, interrupt, operate, complicate, develop.

Ex.4. Use prefixes to form antonyms to the given words and translate them into Russian:

dis-: advantage, charge (v), mount (v), connect.

in-: efficient, correct, sufficient, dependence.

re-: new, generate, produce, build.

un-: safe, reliable, able, limited, expected.

Electrical multiple units, railway transmission lines, electric grid power, railway distribution lines, overhead wire system, electric railway fourth rail, diesel engine disadvantages, electric traction system, carbon dioxide emission, solar energy advantages, passenger safety hazards.

Power is supplied to the trainset by an overhead catenary system operating at a normal voltage of 25kV. This consists of a normally horizontal contact wire made from hard drawn copper, suspended by means of wire “droppers” from a catenary wire cable. The catenary itself is supported on masts or portal frames spaced along the tracks at a maximum spacing of 73 meters apart. To equalize the wear of the pantograph carbons, the copper contact wire zig-zags on plan along the center of the track, the offset at each support point being on 230 mm straight track.

The height of the contact wire above rail level varies between the limits of 4.14 meters and 5.94 meters to accommodate minimum clearance under bridges and to satisfy requirements at level crossings.

Ex.7. Make up sentences according to the Model.

Model: The masts are spaced along the track.

Power Contact wire Clearance Pantograph Catenary

is mounted is required is supported is suspended is supplied

by means of wire “droppers”. under bridges and at level crossings. on masts or portal frames. to the train by a catenary system. on the roof a train.

1. Электричество – более экологически безопасный вид энергии, чем другие.

2. Электрогенератор на поезде вырабатывает меньше энергии, чем электростанция.

3. Электровозы используются более часто, чем тепловозы.

4. Электрическая тяга более эффективна, чем дизельная.

5. Электровозы более мощные, чем тепловозы.

6. Самые протяженные линии электрических железных дорог находятся в России.

7. Тепловозы менее надежные и более шумные.

8. Использовать тепловозы дороже, чем электровозы.

9. Электроэнергия – это самый распространенный вид энергии.

10. Электровозы имеют меньше недостатков, чем другие виды локомотивов.

Ex.9. Speak about:

- electric traction;

- diesel traction;

- advantages and disadvantages of both types of traction;

- overhead catenary system.

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