Useful vocabulary

PART II. THE ECONOMY OF THE USA

US unemployment slows sharply

The US jobless rate fell to 9.4% from 9.5% in June, defying economists’ forecasts

The US unemployment rate dropped last month for the first time since April 2008, a surprise fall greeted by the White House as evidence that the world’s largest economy has been pulled back from the brink of depression.

Although employers cut 247,000 jobs in July, by a statistical quirk the size of the labour force fell faster than employment, so the monthly rate of unemployment fell to 9.4% from June’s figure of 9.5%.

The figures were far better than economists anticipated and they sent stockmarkets surging in London and New York.

The number of job losses was the lowest monthly figure since August last year, aided by new activity in Detroit’s troubled motor manufacturing industry. The labour force fell because certain job-seekers, including college students, gave up looking for work.

President Obama’s press secretary, Robert Gibbs, said the White House still expected unemployment to climb to 10% before the economic downturn ends. He said news that the number of job losses was falling was “more evidence that we pulled back from the edge and away from the brink of a depression”. But he added: “None of us loses sight, though, that last month, a quarter of a million people lost their jobs.”

Job losses slowed markedly in most sectors last month, except retail and transport. Manufacturing employment fell by 52,000. This was boosted by the reopening of assembly plants at troubled carmakers General Motors and Chrysler, which emerged from bankruptcy.

Experts mphasized that unemployment may not have peaked and could rise further later in the year. But Nigel Gault, chief US economist at HIS Global Insight, said: “We are now getting back on track. The economy is still shedding jobs, but the pace of decline is slowing, consistent with the view that output has hit bottom and growth is now resuming.”

(by Andrew Clark, Julia Kollewe: guardian.co.uk, 7 August 2009)

Notes:

quirk (n) – вычисление

stockmarket (n) – фондовый рынок

surge (v) – резко увеличиваться, подниматься

downturn (n) – спад

pull back – отступать

brink (n) – край, грань

HIS Global Insight – the world's largest economics organization; provides economic and financial information on countries, regions and industries

get back – вернуться

track (n) – путь, курс

consumer (n) - потребитель

consumption (n) – потребление

copper (n) – медь

costs (n) – затраты, издержки

crude oil – неочищенная нефть

depreciate (v) – обесцениваться, падать в цене

discourage (v) – препятствовать, мешать

downturn (n) – уменьшение, спад

enterprise (n) – предпринимательство, промышленное предприятие, предприимчивость

entrepreneurship (n) – предпринимательство

erode (v) – разъедать, разрушать

extraction (n) – добывание, извлечение

grain (n) – зерно, хлебные злаки

layoff (n) – приостановка или прекращение производства; увольнение из-за отсутствия работы;

lead (n) – свинец

leasing service – лизинговая услуга

lumber (n) – (Am.) пиломатериалы, бревна

maize (n) – кукуруза, маис

mining (n) – горное дело

overlap (v) – частично совпадать

overtake (v) – догонять, перегонять

petroleum (n) – нефть, бензин

pork (n) – свинина

poultry (n) – домашняя птица

profit (n) – польза, выгода; прибыль, доход

rapid (adj) – быстрый, скорый

soybeans (n) – соевые бобы

stagnation (n) – застой, застойность

threefold (adj) – утроенный, тройной

timber (n) – лесоматериалы, строевой лес

warehousing (n) – хранение, размещение на складе

wheat (n) – пшеница

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