Past Perfect Continuous

Use

Past Perfect

Use

Past Continuous

Use

1) actions started in the past and continuing up to the present

e.g. He 's been writing a letter for two hours. (He started two hours ago and he's still writing it)

2) past actions of certain duration having visible results or effects in the present

e.g. She 's been crying. (Her eyes are red.)

3) actions expressing anger, irritation, annoyance, explanation or criticism

e.g. Who has been using my toothbrush? (annoyance)

4) emphasis on duration (usually with for, since or how long)

e.g. She 's been calling on clients since this morning.

Time expressions: how long, for, since

Note: live, feel and work can be used either in the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Cont. with no difference in meaning.

e.g. I’ve been living / I’ve livedin Rome for a year.

10.1 Complete the sentence using the verb in brackets in the present perfect continuous form:

1. I’m sorry to keep you waiting. I hope you (not wait) __________ long.

2. There you are! We (look for) __________ you all morning!

3. I feel really tired. I (study) __________ hard lately.

4. Anna has got a really good suntan. She (go) __________ to the beach a lot.

5. Tom needs cheering up. He (have) __________ a lot of problems lately.

6. I haven’t seen you for ages. What (you / do) __________?

7. I (work) __________ here for the past three years, and I really like it.

8. Sam and Chris (paint) __________ their room, and their clothes are covered in paint!

10.2 Underline the correct form:

A. Scientists 1) have recently identified / have been identifying a new species of animal in the rainforest of Borneo. They 2) have been searching / searched for this creature for several years, after reports from local villagers, and say it is a type of lemur.

B. Archaeologists in Guatemala 3) have found / have been finding a Mayan wall painting which they think is more than 2,000 years old. Archaeologist William Saturno 4) explored / has been exploring the site since 2002.

C. Scientists using the Hubble Space Telescope think they 5) found / have found two new moons circling the planet Pluto. Astronomers 6) have been looking / looked closely at Pluto since 1978 when they 7) spotted / have spotted its first moon. The telescope 8) worked / has been working for fifteen years, and 9) has been producing / has produced more than 700,000 images of the universe.

D. Australian scientists 10) have been discovering / have discovered a new coral reef over 60 km long in the Gulf of Carpentaria by using satellites to spot the reefs in deep water. Recently divers 11) have managed / have been managing to reach the reefs and take photographs.

1) action in the middle of happening at a stated past time

e.g. He was playing tennis at 4.30 yesterday.

2) past action in progress interrupted by another past action. The longer action is in the Past Continuous, the shorter action is in the Past Simple.

e.g. While I was get­ting dressed the bell rang.

3) two or more simultaneous past actions

e.g. While I was sunbathing, Tim was swimming.

or background description to events in a story

e.g. She was flying to Parнs. The sun was shining...

Time expressions: while, when, as etc

11.1* Underline the correct form:

1. While he took / was taking a bath, Archimedes discovered / was discovering the principles of density and buoyancy.

2. When Edouard Benedictus, a French scientist, worked / was working in his laboratory, he dropped / was dropping a glass bottle which had some plastic inside – and invented / was inventing safety glass.

3. Columbus arrived / was arriving in America while he tried / was trying to reach the Far East.

4. Alexander Fleming discovered / was discovering penicillin by accident while he looked / was looking at some old experiments.

5. While Hiram Bingham climbed / was climbing in the mountains of Peru in 1911, he discovered / was discovering the lost city of Macchu Picchu.

6. While Isaac Newton sat / was sitting under an apple tree, an apple fell / was falling on hishead, and he understood / was understanding gravity.

7. While Dr Harry Coover tried / was trying to invent a newkind of plastic, he made / was making a very softsubstance which stuck / was sticking things together. It was Superglue.

8. While he observed / was observing the Moon throughhis telescope, Galileo realized / was realizing that it hadmountains and craters.

11.2A* Use the prompts to make a question. The answers are in Exercise 11.1:

e.g. Where / Edouard Benedictus / work when he invented safety glass? – Where was Edouard Benedictus working when he invented safety glass?

1. Where / Columbus / try to go when he reached America?

2. Where / Isaac Newton / sit according to the story about gravity?

3. What / Dr Harry Coover / hope to invent?

4. What Galileo / look at / through his telescope?

11.2B* Complete the sentence with the past continuous form of the verb in brackets. The sentences refer to Exercise 12.1:

1. Edouard Benedictus (not try) _____________ to invent safety glass.

2. Alexander Fleming (not hope) _______________ to discover penicillin.

3. Hiram Bingham (not look for) ____________ the lost city of Macchu Picchu.

4. Isaac Newton (not sit) ____________ in his study when he understood gravity.

5. Dr Harry Coover (not conduct) ____________ an experiment to discover a kind of glue.

Grammar quiz: Simple and Continuous

What do you know about verbs?
1.	How do we form the past tense of these verbs: help, want, enjoy, finish, love Which of the above verbs is the odd one out? Can you give examples of any other verbs like this?
2.	What is the past tense of these verbs? feel, teach, win, go, have, take, meet
3.	What is the difference between the verbs in questions 1 and 2 above?
4.	Some verbs are not normally used in the continuous tenses. Can you give examples?
5.	How do we spell the following verbs in the past simple form? travel, stop, marry, study
6.	How do we spell the following verbs in the continuous form? win, travel, stop, run
7.	How do we write these words in the third person singular (he / she / it) form of the present simple? finish, wash, watch, do
8.	How do you make the following sentences negative? I play in the football team. She won the school cup. He was watching the game of tennis. My friend is a lawyer. What is the difference between the first two sentences and the last two?
9.	How do you make the sentences above into questions?
What do you know about frequency adverbs and time expressions?
10.	Put the adverb “currently” into this sentence: I am studying for a Master’s.
11.	Complete the rule: Adverbs are usually placed _________ the verb.
12.	Look at the following expressions. Do they describe present time, a point in the past time, a specific year, a sequence of actions? Last year was my first year as a notary. In 2000 I wanted to spend time with my children. They were 2 and 3 years’ old at that time. But after a year I was ready to go back to work. After I finished university in 2009, I travelled round Europe. Nowadays I work as a manager.
Common mistakes
13.	Below are examples of typical learner mistakes. Find and underline them: I’m playing computer games in my free time. She like music. Last night I study English for three hours. At the moment I do my homework. Everybody love holidays. Now correct the mistakes.

1) past action which occurred before another action or before a stated past time

He had left by the time I got there. (or by 8.15)

2) complete past action which had visible results in the past

She was sad because she had failed the test

3) the Past Perfect is the past equivalent of the Present Perfect

(He can't find his watch He has lost it) He couldn't find his watch. He had lost it

Time expressions: for, since, already, after, just, never, yet, before, by, by the time etc.

12.1 * Complete the sentence with the past simple or past perfect simple form of the verb in brackets:

1. When I (try) tried to use my laptop, I realized the battery (run) _______ down.

2. I (turn) _______ the computer off, but forgot that I (not save) _______ my work.

3. I only remembered I (not pay) _______ the bill when my Internet connection (stop) _______ working.

4. When I (receive) _______ the e-mail, I couldn't understand who (send) _______ it.

5. When I (check) _______ the instructions, I understood what I (do) _______.

6. I knew I (receive) _______ a virus when I (run) _______ the anti-virus program.

7. As soon as I (download) _______ the document, I knew I (make) _______ a mistake.

8. I could see what (go) _______ wrong as soon as I (look) _______ inside the printer.

9. I knew I (press) _______ the wrong key when nothing (happen) _______.

10. When the screen (go) _______ blank, I couldn't understand how it (happen) _______.

12.2 * Choose the correct form. A, B or C, to complete the sentences:

On 26 December 2004, Tilly Smith, a 10-year-old British schoolgirl, 1) was walking on the beach with her family. They 2) ___ Christmas in Thailand. Suddenly Tilly 3) ___ that something was wrong. She could see that the water 4) ___ and waves 5) ___ up the beach. The beach 6) ___ smaller and smaller. She 7) ___ that there had been an earthquake in Sumatra that morning, but she 8) ___ a geography lesson she 9) ___ at school just two weeks before. So she 10) ___ her mother what she 11) ___ about earthquakes and giant waves. Luckily for the Smith family, Tilly's teacher Andrew Kearney 12) ___ the class about earthquakes and 13) ___ them a video of a tsunami in Hawaii. Tilly 14) ___ screaming at her parents to get off the beach. They 15) ___ Tilly back to their hotel, which was not too close to the shore, and 16) ___ the alarm. One of the staff, who was Japanese, 17) ___ the word tsunami, and 18) ___ everyone to leave the beach. From their room on the third floor, the Smiths 19) ___ the terrible effects of the tsunami on the area. Thanks to Tilly, everybody from that beach 20) ___ that terrible day.

1. walked	had walked	was walking
2. spent	had spent	were spending
3. felt	had felt	was feeling
4. rose	had risen	was rising
5. came	had come	were coming
6. got	had got	was getting
7. did not know	had not known	was not knowing
8. suddenly remembered	had remembered suddenly	was suddenly remembering
9. had	had had	was having
10. told	had told	was telling
11. learnt	had learnt	was learning
12. taught	had taught	was teaching
13. showed	hadshown	was showing
14. started	had started	was starting
15. took	had taken	were taking
16. raised	had raised	were raising
17. understood	had understood	was understanding
18. ordered	had ordered	was ordering
19. watched	had watched	were watching
20. survived	had survived	was surviving

Дата добавления: 2017-01-14