Transportation

UNIT II

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect или Past Simple.

1. Helen speaks French so well because she (to live) in France. 2. She (to live) there last year. 3. The rain (to stop) and the sun is shining in the sky again. 4. The rain (to stop) half an hour ago. 5. Mary (to buy) a new hat. 6. I (to buy) a pair of gloves yesterday. 7. The wind (to blow) off the man's hat, and he cannot catch it. 8. The weather (to change), and we can go for a walk. 9. The wind (to change) in the morning. 10. We (to travel) around Europe last year. 11. My father knows so much be­cause he (to travel) a lot. 12. I (to see) Pete today. 13. She (to see) this film last Sunday. 14. Alex (to meet) his friend two hours ago. 15.I just (to meet) our teacher. 16. The children already (to decide) what to do with the books. 17. Yesterday they (to decide) to help their grandmother, 18. I (not to see) you for a long time. I (to see) you in town two or three days ago, but you (not to see) me. I (to be) on a bus.

1. Прочитайте текст, переведите и подготовьте устную тему “Transportation”

During the 19th century railroads spread across Europe, North America and many other parts of the world. They formed the first successful system of mass transportation, carrying a lot of people to such English seaside resorts as Brighton, Margate and Blackpool.

Steamships were developed at the same time as railroads. In 1900, they were used for carrying passengers and freight.

In the second half of the 20th century the automobile has placed the railroad for most local travel. It offers convenience.

The traveller can depart from his own home and arrive at his destination without transferring luggage or coping with any of the other difficulties. The apparent costs of a trip by automobile are also lower, especially for family groups.

A very large percentage of domestic tourism now takes advantage of the automobile for transportation. In Europe, where the distance from one national board to another may be very short, automobiles are also used extensively for international journeys.

For long-distance travel, the airplane has replaced the railroad and the ship as the principal carrier. The railroads have suffered on short-distance routes as well as on long-distance routes. Motor buses or coaches as they are called in England have replaced railroad passenger service on many local routes.

Ships still play an important part in tourism for the purpose of cruising. A cruise is a voyage by ship that is made for pleasure rather than to arrive quickly at a fixed destination. The cruise ship acts as the hotel for the passengers as well as their means of transportation! When the tourists reach a port, they are usually conducted on one-day excursions, but they are to return to the ship to eat and to sleep.

Ships play another part in modern tourism as car ferries. Particularly in Europe, the tourist who wants to have his car with him on a trip has to take advantage of car ferries across the English Channel or the Strait of Gibraltar. The city of Dover on the English Channel handles the largest volume of passenger traffic of any port in the UK primarily because of car ferries services.

The airlines are now very prominent in the tourist industry and it is important to remember that there are two kinds of airline operations, scheduled and nonscheduled.

A scheduled airline operates on fixed routes at fixed times according to a timetable that is available to the public.

A nonscheduled airline operates on routes and at times when there is a demand for the service. The non-scheduled airline is, in other words, a charter operation that rents its aircraft. The scheduled airlines aim their services primarily at business travellers, at people visiting friends and relatives, and at others who travel alone or in small groups. A scheduled airline flight is usually filled with travellers going to the same destination.

As seating capacity increased with the introduction of newer, larger and faster planes, the airlines were able to offer a percentage of their seats for sale through travel agents or tour operators.

IT stands for inclusive tour, a travel package that offers both transportation and accommodations, and often entertainment as well.

Another important abbreviation in tourism is CIT, charter inclusive tour is one that uses a charter plane for transportation. Charter plane is an aircraft that has been rented to fly when and where the service is necessary. Charter inclusive tours are sold at even lower fares than the inclusive tours on the scheduled airlines.

Ла-Манш Гибралтарский пролив

Notes:

the English Channel

the Strait of Gibraltar

2. Согласитесь или опровергните высказывания используя клише:

I think you are right. I think you are wrong.

I agree with you. I don't agree with you.

That's right. That's not quite right.

1) Transportation is an important aspect in the total tourist industry.

2) During the 18th century railroads that spread across Europe, North America and many other parts of the world formed the first successful system of mass transportation.

3) In the second half of the 20th century the automobile has replaced the railroad for most local travel.

4) Steamships were developed at the same time as railroads.

5) Ships still play an important part in tourism for the purpose of cruising

6) A nonscheduled airline operates on fixed routes at fixed times according to a timetable that is available to the public.

7) IT stands for international travel.

8) CIT stands for charter inclusive tour

9) Charter plane is an aircraft that has been rented to fly when and where the service is necessary.

3. Вставьте пропущенные слова:

1) During the 19th century … spread across Europe.

2) In the second half of the 20th century the … has placed the railroad for most local ….

3) The traveller can … from his own home and … at his … without transferring luggage or coping with any of the other difficulties.

4) A very large percentage of … … now takes advantage of the automobile for transportation.

5) For long-distance travel, … has replaced the railroad.

6) Motor buses or … as they are called in England have replaced railroad … service on many local ….

7) The cruise ship acts as … for the passengers as well as their means of ….

8) Ships play another part in modern tourism as … ….

9) … … operates on fixed routes at fixed times according to … that is available to the public.

10) … … is, in other words, a charter operation that … its aircraft.

11) IT stands for … …, a travel package that offers both transportation and …, and often … as well.

12) …. … is an aircraft that has been rented to fly when and where the service is necessary.

1. Ответьте на вопросы:

1) When do the railroads appeared in Europe?

2) When were steamships developed?

3) What do automobiles offer the travelers?

4) What is a scheduled /a non-scheduled airline?

5) What does IT (CIT) stand for?

1. Прочитайте диалог и составьте свой:

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