Chapter 1. Political elections: determination, structure and description

1.1. What is the election and their influence on MASS-MEDIA |backing|

In the political system of modern democratic society Mass media have been playing more important role. Under the theme it is understood newspapers, magazines, radio and TV programs| |, cinema documentalism|, news agencies, and other periodic forms|shape| of mass information public distribution. They are a mediator between a journalist|minder|, a correspondent and audience|auditory|. Naturally, that activity of mass medias has important social and political|socio-political| consequences, as the character|nature| of mass information, addressed to the audience|auditory|, determines its attitude toward reality and political situation to a great extent on the whole|all in all|. Journalism|newsmaking|, as mass medium, at the same time |appear| expresses|signifying| society interests, its|its| different social groups, categories, individuals, that determination|definition| and choosing of priority forces|strenth| during |parliamentary or presidential elections. Elections are the process the deputies in the representative organs|viscus| of the state, official|duty| persons, etc. By means of voting. [12,p.2]

Elections are|appear| not only the form|shape| of direct democracy. Elections are a |appear| national process|Carbro|, that forms a national political core and determines a political leader. The elections| of people’s|national| deputies and | President’s Elections of Ukraine are the best model in this sense. As for local elections | they are more connected with implementation of tasks on self-government institute development |institu. The basic conceptual|concept-based| principles of the voting right in Ukraine, expounded | in Constitution of our state are its |its| generality, distribution on all Ukrainian citizens without exception, who have the right to vote; its|its| equality, foreseeing the use equality by all the electors, and any|voter| direct or indirect privileges|franchise| or Ukrainian |citizen’s rights limitation are forbidden|ban|; its|its| direct action|act| means that it is impossible to vote in place of|in exchange for| someone; its|its| secrecy|hush-hush|.[9,p.17]

Abovementioned|enumerate| principles concern the active voiting right |concern| realization, i.e. the right to choose. However during extraordinary|emergency| hustings they proceed for|after| the most effective realization of the passive voting right, i.e. the right to be elected.

The expounded conceptual|concept-based| principles are to provide direct democracy|secure| realization and are |appear| exceptionally|only| humane and democratic, but in practice it is difficult the irreproachable mechanisms action and their realization, that’s why Alexander Nel'ma marks|note|: “We intend to stretch elections influence on any public life and social processes|Carbro|, and must take into account the existence of the noted distance and make conclusions, going out from life realities ”[12,p.2]

As a form|shape| of political communication, it is possible to present|represent| electioneering as a chart which consists of four communicative assets:

- formation|making| of political party, generation and ideas forming as a program, statements|jiling|, appeals|circulation|;

- electors|voter| give|return| or does not give|return| their votes for a party or a politician during elections|;

- political structure their halts|stop| its existence or transforms on the whole, taking into consideration the requirements, wishes, electors’ requirements |voter| and political situation; on the whole|all in all|;

- an electorate supports|underprop| or does not support|underprop| an applicant during the next elections|.

Hustings are|appear| the apogee of political life, completion of political cycle|runddown| in a separate political structure or separate politician’s activity. During an electoral|selective| marathon, political communication occupies|borrow| a central|center| place|seat| in political activity and has a final decision |importance| in the politician or political structure’s subsequent|consequent| fate and society politial process development. “On the eve of election| the accent of communication is displaced from everyday activity on agitation, persuasion, popularization, advertising and others like that, attention|attn.| is payed|transfer| to ideal and psychological spheres” [4,p.49]. The stream|throughflow| of information increases, traditional presentations change|variate|, informative balance violates in a society and kognitive one| – in individuals. In this connection psychological activity and accordingly|according| tension of both separate electors|voter| and society grow on the whole|all in all|. From psychological point of view a political choice is|appear| the key|clue| moment of individual’s consciousness. However all basic|main| components psyche and socially psychological factors influence this volitional action|act|. A political choice is distinguished in the form|shape| (independent|self-maintained|, control and self-affirmed|) and the level|Y-level| (individual|first-aid|, group). There are 4 approaches to expose factors which determine person’s concrete political choice: situation approach is a political approach stipulated for a concrete historical situation; sociological approach is a political choice whiche depends on man’s economic, social and demographic status; manipulative | approach is a political choice is conditioned by the mass communications system and propaganda activity; individually|first-aid| psychological approach is a political choice which depends on individual psyche personal firm traits|first-aid|. |forThe political system state determines the conditions of electioneering conduct and possibility degree |potentialitie| for an elector|voter| to prove show oneself.

An electorate elects politicians to accomplish concrete tasks and programs determining power actions strategy in such away.|act| Comparing|compare| and estimating|evaluate| them the electors|voter| correlate with own interests and decide|solve| to whom to give|provide| advantage. The purpose of any electioneering is to attract|draw| the enough number of electors|voter| for victory during elections|. Studying a of public opinion is one of the basic conditions |main| of the electioneering real organization. It is a basic|main| and practically the only|only| way to attain campaign efficiency. Participating motivation in voting has both positive and negative colouring. “As a result of questioning, conducted by the center|heartland| “The Social monitoring” jointly with the Ukrainian institute|institution| of social researches|work-up|, people’s answer|reply| reply |, to the question “Why do you intend to take part in elections| in Supreme Council of Ukraine?” distributed so: 26,9% as for me it is a method|heliochrome| to express|signifying| the disagreement with a public policy; 12,1% - do not want|wish| people, who they do not respect, to come to|by| power; 11,0% - take part being in the habit; 0% - count it a duty|; 0,6% are other answers|reply|; 13% - its hard to answer; 22,5% - are not going to take part in voting |”. Negative motivation of citizens’ participation in elections|, as a good possibility|potentialitie| to express|signifying| the disagreement with the state policy pays a attention mainly|politics|.

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