Identify the difference between externalism and internalism in science. Give examples of each

Specify the differences between science and art as the two ways of knowing.

And then, and another - a form of social consciousness, the forms of existence of human culture. This science - objective, reflects the knowledge Single of the world, and art is subjective and expresses the inner world of the creator... Food science - knowledge, theory, art products - the spiritual values ​​embodied in tangible media. Art objects do not lose their value over time, and scientific theories are rejected as false (ie, modern science is more accurate and complete at srav. with previous).

The resemblance of philosophy and art is that in their works emotionally-personal component is widely represented, they are always individual. However, if the philosopher expresses the problem with the help of concepts, abstractions, referring to the intricacies of the mind, the art worker described the problem through the artistic images, making your way to our mind through the feelings aroused by them. And philosophy, and science, and religion, art and create their own picture of the world, complementing each other.

7 Formulate the concept of "scientism" and "anti-scientism." Arguments each of them.

Scientism - exaggeration research with knowledge, science shed solution.

Anti-scientism - science is limited.

Society's attitude to science, the understanding of its role is ambiguous. This manifests itself in two opposing ideological positions.

One of them - scientism (from the Latin scientia-science) -in basically has an idea of ​​science, scientific knowledge as a high cultural value and sufficient condition for human orientation in the world. It should be noted that the ideal of scientism is not any scientific knowledge, and the results and methods of natural sciences.

Anti-scientism emphasizes the limited capacity of science, and in its extreme forms, interprets it as a force alien and hostile to the true nature of man, the power that destroys the culture. Methodological basis anti-scientistс views are absolutization negative results of science and technology (the aggravation of the environmental situation, the danger of war, etc.)

Externalism explains the development of science to external causes (polit., An ideal-mi, mi-social, and cultural sotso) external drive.

Internalism development of science has an internal (immonentny) character.

But both right, the principle of complementarity.

Externalism - the direction in historiography and the theory of scientific development, according to which science as a system of knowledge and a social institution is immanent, chastyusotsiokultury their limits, and therefore feels on the part of a significant impact as a whole and as a collection of subsystems. It is impossible to explain the internal causes, such as the creation of geometry as a theoretical system of knowledge.

Internalism (from the Latin internus - internal) recognizes the driving force behind the development of science-related factors intrinsic nature of scientific knowledge: the logic of the solution to his problems, the relation of tradition and innovation (the main driving force for the development of science constitute the internal needs of the science itself, its goals, problems and research programs). The development of science can be regarded as a self-organizing process of the interaction of various forms and elements of scientific knowledge, which does not depend on any external factors.

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