Ex.1. Перепишите предложения, поставив глагол в указанную видовременную форму, и переведите их.

В А Р И А Н Т 5

Ex.12. Составьте предложения из двух подходящих по смыслу частей и переведите полученные высказывания.

1) For centuries, gold has been considered as… a) has been mainly taken over by large

private corporations or governments.

2) The gold rush of 1849 played an important b) were found in the area between the Yukon

role in… and Klondike rivers.

3) The gold miners were known as forty-niners c) is still found in California from time to

because they… time.

4) In about 1896, rich gold-bearing gravels… d) was individual enterprise.

5) In the 19th century, the gold mining… e) the most valuable substance, a symbol of

wealth and power.

6) Since the early 20^th century, the gold g) flooded into California in search of wealth

mining… in 1849.

7) Although the gold fever period ended g) the social and economic development of

long time ago, gold… California.

1) During the World War II, Americans [ to live – Past Perfect Active] under a controlled economic system: foodstuffs and essential goods [ to ration – Past Continuous Passive], wages and salaries [ to freeze – Past Perfect Passive], ceiling prices [ to fix – Past Perfect Passive] and strikes [ to forbid – Past Perfect Passive].

After the war, with the return to free market system, prices quickly [ to increase – Past Indefinite Active].

At the end of 1946, the consumers [ to pay – Past Continuous Active] nearly twice as much for food and clothing as such items [ to cost – Past Perfect Active] in 1939.

2) Nowadays, a lot of companies [ to engage – Present Continuous Active] in electronic commerce by means of the Internet.

Detailed information about companies’ products [ to put – Present Continuous Passive] on their Web sites, and the customers [ to have – Present Indefinite Active] an opportunity to compare qualities and prices of goods proposed by different firms.

Ex.2. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление эквивалентов модальных глаголов to be allowed to, to be able to, to be to, to have to. Подчеркните эквиваленты модальных глаголов и соответствующие им варианты перевода.

1) Japan is known as a small country with large population, which was able to overtake such powerful industrialized country as the USA in some fields of economy.

2) Purchasing on credit, the buyer becomes the owner of the goods but he does not have to make payment for it at once.

3) According to government regulations, commercial banks in America and Japan are not allowed to trade in securities.

4) The company had to pay a heavy penalty imposed by the state tax commission because it owed huge sums to the state budget and to the national pension fund.

5) Loan is a sum of money, which is borrowed by a person, or a business from another person, business or bank, and which is to be repaid within a certain period of time with interest.

Ex.3. Выберите модальный глагол или его эквивалент из предложенных вариантов. Предложения перепишите и переведите.

1) I придётся borrow from the bank to buy the flat.

a) shall be able to b) shall have to c) can d) should

2) In order to compete in the market successfully the company следует spend enough money

on advertising.

a) is able to b) have to c) should d) was to

3) Demand is the quantity of a specific commodity that people want and могут buy during a

specific period.

a ) will be allowed to b) have to c) are able to d) were to

4) The firm должна была start the production of new equipment at the end of the year.

a) must b) was to c) might d) will be allowed to

5) According to Trade Union restrictions, it нельзя employ youths in some industries and

many services sectors.

a) is not allowed to b) are not to c) was not able to d) should not to

Ex.4. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на способы перевода герундия [Gerund] .

1) By using the automated teller machines, bank customers are able to withdraw cash from their accounts at all times of day or night.

2) Merger is combining two or more commercial organizations into one with the aim of increasing efficiency and avoiding competition.

3) On learning that the company had sold his invention without speaking to him, the scientist was shocked. He accused the company of violating the Copyright Act.

4) Counterfeiting money is one of the oldest crimes in the history of humankind.

5) For improving the image of the company, the marketing manager suggested sponsoring the national team in some popular sport.

Ex.5. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значения ing- формы. Подчеркните Participle I одной чертой, Gerund – двумя.

1) The biggest Stock Exchanges function in London, New York City, Tokyo and Frankfurt-on-the Main, providing round-the clock operation of the stock exchange market.

2) The process of slowing down the inflation rate is sometimes called disinflation. This term should not be confused with the term deflation meaning a fall in the general level of prices.

3) This company specializes in producing small-size farm machines and it is successfully competing with other leading producers in the world market.

4) Trying to stop the growth of unemployment, the government is taking various measures, including granting subsidies to producers who provide additional jobs in their enterprises, creating new jobs in state industries as well as establishing retraining centers for redundant workers.

5) In the 1960s, many developing countries with low productivity and low income began borrowing large sums of money from Western banks in order to industrialize.

Ex.6. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значения ed- формы.

1) If added, all households’, firms’ and the government’s expenditures for goods and services make up the nation’s total spending.

2) As manufacturing and industry increased during the Industrial Revolution, the percentage of the labor force employed in agriculture markedly decreased, especially in Western Europe.

3) To my mind, the slogan used in our advertising campaign must be changed because it is too dull and does not produce any impact.

4) The demanded quantity of goods depends on a particular market, the number of consumers, their tastes and even the season of the year.

5) For 40 years after 1945, countries in Eastern Europe had a planned economy in which market mechanisms played only a minor role.

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