Style in language. Style in imaginative literature

Types of stylistics.

E.g. (1) The hall applauded.

(2) They took measures to secure a convenient place near the river.

For stylistics it is of no importance that all the words of the sentence (but for the articles and prepositions) are of foreign origin. It is important for lexicology. But if in the text we come across such words as bouquet or billet-doux we mark them as barbarisms (foreignisms) and consider them from the point of view of stylistics.

4. General syntax treats word combinations and sentences, analyzing their structures and stating what is permissible and what is inadmissible in constructing correct utterances in the given language.

Stylistic syntax studies expressive potentialities of the word-order, of different communicative types of sentences. Much attention is paid to different types of rendering the speech of characters: inner speech, dialogue, a stream of consciousness.

It should be remarked here that most handbooks on phonetics and grammar, not to speak of lexicology abound in stylistic information. Whenever the sphere of currency of a unit (or of a phenomenon) is explicitly mentioned, it is pure stylistics that the author deals with. These are instance of practical stylistics which proceeds from the norms of language usage at a given period and teaches these norms to language speakers, especially the ones, dealing with the language professionally: editors, publishers, writers, journalists, teachers, etc.

Stylistics is also connected with literature, theory of information, psychology and psycho-linguistics, logic and to some extent statistics.

With the development of the theory of language, on the one hand, and the theory of literature, on the other, the meaning of “style” came to be modified as

style in language,

style in imaginative literature.

Style in language is understood to be the whole corpus of EMs of the language. This view was first proclaimed by Charles Bally in his “Stylistique français” and later developed in numerous works on style.

(Style can be roughly defined as the peculiarity, the set of specific features of a text type or of a concrete text. Style is just what differentiates a group of homogeneous texts (an individual text) from all other groups (other texts).

The branch of linguistics that makes a study of expressive properties of linguistic units as well as the spheres of their usage is called linguo-stylistics.

Style in literature (which is studied by literary stylistics) is a branch of theory of literature and an important part of history of literature. It studies the peculiarities of a writer’s style, his individual and creative utilization (choice) of the resources of the language; the limitations which are superimposed by the writer’s period, his genre and his purpose.

[The main difference is that linguo-stylistics studies all the EMs of the language, while literary stylistics studies the peculiarities of this or that writer’s style].

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