Определение функции.

New English Syntax

Middle English Syntax

In Middle English the word order was less pliable than in OE, but not so rigid as in Modern English. The number of sentences with direct word order was growing at the expense of those with inverted or synthetic word order.

The weakening and loss of inflections resulted in the weakening and loss of agreement and government. The tendency grew to place the modifiers as closely as possible to the words which they modified.

The widespread use of prepositions in Middle English was another remarkable development in the language. In OE most prepositions had governed the dative case. With the disappearance of the dative case prepositions came to be used freely with the common case of nouns.

The Old English system of relative and correlative elements (þe, þa, etc.) was replaced by new relatives developed from OE interrogative and demonstrative pronouns: who, what, which, that, etc.

The single negative began to be used in the 14^th century, particularly in the north, though the cumulative negation was still widely spread.

The order “subject – predicate – indirect object – direct object” has been established. As a result, the position of a noun shows whether it is the subject or the object, and in the latter case whether it is direct or indirect.

In most questions inversion has become the rule, i.e. the verb is placed before the subject. Owing to the abundance of analytical forms of the verb and of compound predicates this inversion usually does not break the established word-order since only a part of the predicate (the auxiliary, modal, or linking verb) is moved, the notional part of the predicate remaining in its fixed position after the subject.

In order to carry through the above principles of word order it was necessary to find means of splitting the few synthetic forms of the verb that still remained in the language, such as write, writes and wrote. This has been done with the help of special auxiliaries do, does, did.

One of the characteristic features of the New English period has been the development of structural substitutes (there, it, one, do and others), as in There is a man there (structural subject).

The development and extensive use of infinitival, gerundial and participial complexes is another remarkable feature of New English syntax.

Df. Пусть – функция скалярного аргумента. Требуется определить, что понимать под f(A), т.е. нужно распространить функцию f(x) на матричное значение аргумента.

Решение этой задачи известно, когда f(x) – многочлен: , тогда .

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