Social-political life in 30-ies in Kazakhstan.

Totalitarian character of socialism;Political repression of national intelligence;Transformation of Kazakh ASSR into Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic.

During 30-ies socialist relations were settled on all the territory of Soviet Union. Lands, factories and plants, kolkhozes and sovkhozes became state’s property. State-bureaucratic regulation, planning, and redistribution confirmed according the new Constitution of USSR 1936. In political sphere, the system of one-party dictatorship with eclectic (complex) combination of different version of intolerance and hatred was characteristic.

Republics hadn’t juridical initiations, workers weren’t owners of factories, and peasants were alienated from lands. So socialism took totalitarian, barracks character.

Functions of punitive bodies increased, role of Soviets decreased thanks to theory of Stalin about strengthening of classes struggle in country. There was People commissariat of internal forces with special department used repressive measures: exiling, reformatory camps, deportation from country.

Masses repressions were in Kazakhstan also. There were constructed special reformatory camps on the territory of Kazakhstan: Karaganda reformatory-labour camp of special regime (Karlag, in Karaganda existed 25 observations for special migratory), Steplag, ALZGIR – for relatives (wives) of repressed.

In the end of the 20-s the mass repression began in Kazakhstan. In the 1928 44 “bourgeois nationalist activists of “Alash-Horde” were arrested. Among them: A.Bukeykhanov, A.Baytursynov, M.Zhumabayev, Zh.Aimautov. In 1930 other group of intelligent (about 40 men) was arrested: M.Tynyshpayev, Kh.Dosmukhamedov. In 1937-1938 repression had mass character. T.Ryskulov, D.Sadvakasov, U.Issayev, U.Djandossov and other state and social activists were repressed and killed. Representatives of the Kazakh literature and science S.Seifullin, B.Mailin, I.Djansugurov, K.Zhubanov, S.Asfendiarov and others were killed.

101 thousand Kazakhstani people were repressed; 27 thousand of them were shot.

Beside to starvations, tragedies there were big achievements in development of Kazakhstan.

Kazakh ASSR turned into high developed agrarian-industrial republic: 1 mln. People were workers in towns and peasant-mechanics in rural settlements (3,3 mln. Completed population of Kazakhstan at that time), was formed new group of intelligence; observed emancipation of East women.

December 5, 1936 VIII Extraordinary Congress of Soviets took new Constitution of USSR which was famous event in political development of Soviet state and Kazakhstan as a part of country. At that time Kazakhstan was transformed into Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (KSSR) as a part of USSR.

In March 1937 was adopted Constitution of KSSR which declared that

- politic based on Soviets of deputes of workers;

- economy based on socialist system and socialist property to work tools;

- Kaz SSR owned all rights for decision of political, economic and cultural problems of republic.

So, to 40-ies, Kazakh people went to territorial autonomy, run through difficult and contradictions;

Industry quickly had been developed; changed social structure of population, there were successes in education and culture but

Kazakh SSR became one of depended on Centre Republic; in country confirmed totalitarian barracks socialism. And Kazakhs paid expensive for these achievements.

The criminal total deportation of the whole people, the considerable part of which was reflected to Kazakhstan.

- In October-November 1937 from Far East 110 thousand the Koreans were resettled in Kazakhstan.

- In October-November 1938 from Turkmenia, Azerbaidjan, Georgia, Armenia 2, 4 thousand families of the Iranians, Azerbaidjanians, Kurds and Armenians were deported.

- On the eve of the war the Poles and also all the representatives of the other peoples, who were objectionable for the regime, lived in the Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia were deported.

- Besides in Kazakhstan the citizens of the Baltic republics were moved.

- The huge stream of the evacuated population had been arriving in Kazakhstan from the Western regions of the country. 536 th. people evacuated in Kazakhstan, whose autonomous forming were liquidated.

- In August 1941 349713 Germans resettled, resettling of the rest part of the Germans in Kazakhstan went in 1944-1945.

- In February 1944 in Central Asia and Kazakhstan were resettled by force the Chechens and Ingushes, in March -–the Balkars. In November – the Turks- Meskhetines and also the Crimean Tatars, Karachais, Kalmyks and other illegally repressed whole peoples.

In October 1946 in Kazakhstan 890698 “special migrants” lived.

Дата добавления: 2013-12-12