Chemical Industry

Chemical industry – химическая промышленность

Chemicals – химические вещества

Output – продукция

Consumer goods – потребительские товары

Inputs – вклады (сырье, продукты и пр.)

Agriculture – сельское хозяйство

Manufacturing – промышленность

Construction – строительство

Service industries – сфера услуг

To consume – потреблять

Customers – потребители, потребление

Rubber – резина

Plastic products – пластмассовые изделия

Textiles – текстиль

Apparel – одежда

Petroleum refining – продукция нефтепереработки

Pulp and paper – целлюлозно-бумажная продукция

Primary metals – основные металлы.

Commodity chemicals – химические вещества широкого потребления

Bulk petrochemicals – большое количество нефтепродуктов

Intermediates – полупродукты

Basic industrials – основные промышленные продукты

Fertilizers – удобрения

Sealants as well as coatings – герметики и покрытия

Fine chemicals – тонкая химия

The chemical industry comprises the companies that produce industrial chemicals. Central to the modern world economy, it converts raw materials (oil, natural gas, air, water, metals, and minerals) into more than 70,000 different products.

Polymers and plastics, especially polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene and polycarbonate comprise about 80% of the industry’s output worldwide.

Chemicals are used to make a wide variety of consumer goods, as well as thousands inputs to agriculture, manufacturing, construction, and service industries. The chemical industry itself consumes 26 percent of its own output.

Major industrial customers include rubber and plastic products, textiles, apparel, petroleum refining, pulp and paper, and primary metals.

Sales of the chemical business can be divided into a few broad categories, including basic chemicals (about 35 to 37 percent of the dollar output), life sciences (30 percent), specialty chemicals (20 to 25 percent) and consumer products (about 10 percent).

Basic chemicals, or "commodity chemicals" are a broad chemical category including polymers, bulk petrochemicals and intermediates, other derivatives and basic industrials, inorganic chemicals, and fertilizers. Product prices are generally less than fifty cents per pound.

Life sciences (about 30 percent of the dollar output of the chemistry business) include differentiated chemical and biological substances, pharmaceuticals, diagnostics, animal health products, vitamins, and pesticides. While much smaller in volume than other chemical sectors, their products tend to have very high prices – over ten dollars per pound.

Specialty chemicals are a category of relatively high valued chemicals. They are generally characterized by their innovative aspects. Products include electronic chemicals, industrial gases, adhesives and sealants as well as coatings, industrial and institutional cleaning chemicals, and catalysts. Specialty Chemicals are sometimes referred to as "fine chemicals".

Consumer products include direct product sale of chemicals such as soaps, detergents, and cosmetics.

Дата добавления: 2014-01-05