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The Translation of Multinuclear Nomial Combinations

The Translation of Three-Member Word-Combinations

This kind of word-combinations differs from the two-member one by the fact that there is one more third element, which is the extreme (крайний) left member.

Ex: family size norm - норма размера семьи; средний размер семьи

Such word-combinations can be of two structural types:

1) the third and the second members are attributes to the first;

Ex: empty fuel tanks = empty tanks for fuel (пустые топливные баки = пустые

баки для топлива)

attribute attribute prop

word

2) when the second member is an attribute to the first and the third – to the second.

Ex: high temperature measurement = measurement of high temperature

NB! The ability to define the current structural type is very important for the correct understanding:

Ex: the forward car wheels = 1) передние колеса а/м;

2) колеса передней а/м

The correct translation depends upon the context.

Practically one should decide what member the third member determines as the second member always determines the first.

More often the third member is closely connected with the first (but it is not a rule because our translation should be based on the context).

The multinuclear nomial combination consists of four and more members.

The first and the second members are always nouns.

The rest can belong to different parts of speech.

Such word-combinations can be of three structural types:

1) all the members are connected directly with the prop member, that is they are its attributes.

Ex: new important safety regulations = new important safety regulations of safety

2) each member is an attribute to its right hand member.

a wall paper production machine = a machine for production of the paper for the walls

3) mixed type – the second member determines the first.

Ex: seasonal winter clothes price reduction

1 – the reduction of price

2 – price for clothes

3 – the reduction of prices on winter clothes

4 – reduction seasonal

HANDOUT SEMINAR 2

1. Define the degree of preservation of the following lexical units. Use C for complete correspondence, P – for partial, and A/C – for absence of correspondence.

Lexical unit	Its Russian equivalent	Degree of correspondence
no-brainer	не бином Ньютона (что-л., не требующее большого ума, простое, очевидное)
the King's / the Queen's English	литературный английский язык, правильный английский язык
motionless as a carving / as a statue	неподвижный как изваяние / как статуя
using stick and carrot	политика "кнута и пряника"
All shall be as God wills.	Всё будет так, как хочет Бог.
dumb as an oyster	нем как рыба
She learned the language at her mother's knee.	Она впитала этот язык с молоком матери.

2. Comment on the ways of translation of the following non-equivalent units.

Non-equivalent unit	Its Russian translation	Way of translation
Safety gates	двустворчатая дверь в форме ворот, используемая в качестве предохранительной конструкции на лестнице, которая позволяет уберечь маленьких детей от падения с верхнего этажа
Fingerprinting	"фингерпринтинг"(метод "отпечатков пальцев")
Food court	ресторанный дворик (зона торгового центра, где расположено множество экспресс-кафе)
Изба	izba, peasant's log hut
Car pool	автомобильный пул (для поездок на работу)
Bungee cord	тарзанка (эластичный трос для прыжка с моста, скалы)
Hot spot	"горячая точка", опасный район

3. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the translator’s false friends.

False Friends of a Translator

“False friend”	English sentence	Russian sentence
Audience - 1) публика; зрители; 2) аудитория - радиослушатели; телезрители; 3) аудиенция	The objectives of using discussion techniques are … 1) to get the audience to participate actively in learning …
Argument - 1) довод, аргумент, доказательство; 2) дискуссия, обсуждение, прения	Make sure that everyone is following the argument.
Paradigm - 1) образец, пример; экземпляр; 2) парадигма, система взглядов и понятий; 3) парадигма, совокупность всех форм слова	The rationale is that these tests are paradigms of the sort of challenges people have to meet at work …
Auditor - аудитор, бухгалтер-ревизор; 2) аудиторская компания; 3) слушатель; 4) вольнослушатель (какого-л. учебного курса в колледже или университете)	25 auditors have been enrolled in the History course at our University.
Essence - 1) существо, сущность; 2) существование; 3) экстракт, эссенция; 4) аромат; духи	essence of roses
Capital – 1) капитал; 2) столица	Hollywood is the capital of the movie industry.
Element – 1) элемент; 2) стихия (часто как составной элемент мироздания согласно мифам и доктринам древнегреческих философов)	Element is any of the four substances – earth, air, fire, and water, from which the material universe was thought to be compound.
Reserve - 1) запас, резерв; 2) оговорка, условие; ограничение	She told me all about it without reserve.
Artefact = artifact - 1) артефакт, предмет материальной культуры (обычно предшествующих эпох); 2) артефакт, ложное изображение, дефект изображения (например, в оптической системе); 3) явление, наблюдаемое при исследовании объекта, не свойственное этому объекту и искажающее результаты исследования	The apparent pattern in the data was an artifact of the collection method.
Lemon –1)лимон;2) ненужная вещь, барахло; 3) простофиля, неудачник (человек, которого легко надуть)	Criminal carelessness, that's what it was! Leaving me standing here like a lemon!
Starter – стартер (device for starting engine etc); закуска (first course)	Would you like soup or melon as a starter?
Carton – пакет (в русском языке – картон)	a carton of milk

4. Translate the following word-combinations.

ATTRIBUTE GROUPS

Attribute group	Its Russian translation
shape correction = correction of the shape
brand loyalty = loyalty to the brand
antinuclear movement
salary rate
development strategy
personnel training
technology transfer
tax evasion
target consumer
food supplements
heart contraction
language learning
translation studies

MULTINOMIAL COMBINATIONS

Word-combination	Its Russian translation
cash flow streams = streams of cash flow cash (наличность) => cash flow (движение денежной наличности) =>cash flow streams
sixties youth culture = youth culture of the sixties
minimum wage legislation
early warning system
round table talks
on-the-spot manager
full employment ceiling
early-bird discount
health and safety legislation
environment quality index
money market mutual fund mutual fund (взаимный фонд) + money market (валютный рынок, денежный рынок) => money market mutual fund
Fine Art degree studies = studies for the degree in Fine Art
Long-Term-Disability workers compensation medical benefits
local economic development planning process
virtual reality modeling language

Дата добавления: 2014-01-07