Alliteration

Epithet

Hyperbole

Simile

Similes are more precise, more restricted than metaphors, thus they are easier to translate.

A simile is a comparison that shows similarities in things that are basically different. A simile is usually introduced by as or like. Similes are often used in both poetry and prose.

Ex: My heart is like a singing bird

Whose nest is in a watered shoot;

My heart is like an apple tree

Whose boughs are bent with thickest fruit.

Christina Rossetti

Ex: The ship … went on slowly and swift like a small planet.

Joseph Conrad

And the main problem is cultural, that is how one adopts or transfers the simile.

Ex: snow-white - 1) белоснежный; белый, как снег (в странах, где бывает снег);

2) белый, как перья цапли

Hyperbole is a deliberate exaggeration used for effect.

Ex: He embraced her a thousand times.

bleeding heart – сердце кровью обливается (of a person who is excessively softhearted)

Epithet is a descriptive word or phrase, especially f praise or blame, added to or substituted for a person's name.

Ex: "Lackland" is an epithet for King John.

Epithets often show the attitude of the author to the object he is speaking about and if these epithets are used regularly, they become clichés.

Ex: America the Beautiful - "Америка прекрасная" / Красавица Америка

Alliteration is the use of the same consonant (consonantal alliteration) or of a vowel, not necessarily the same vowel (vocalic alliteration), at the beginning of each word or each stressed syllable in a line of verse.

Alliteration sounds that are difficult to pronounce make a “tongue twister”.

Ex: P eter P iper p icked a p eck of p ickled p e pp ers;

A p eck of p ickled p e pp ers P eter P iper p icked.

The stylistic effect of alliteration is very wide in English but relatively seldom in Russian.

Ex: around the r ock the r agged r ascal r an

Ex: Three statesmen who stood for the Prime Minister were characterized in the speech as d onnish, d ignified and d ull. (академичен, приличен, скучен)

Alliteration is used in many common set phrases:

(DEI) —

Set phrase	English sentence	Russian translation
through f air or f oul (good or bad) - что бы ни случилось, несмотря ни на что, при любых обстоятельствах	He will go through foul or fair to achieve his ends.	Он будет добиваться своей цели любыми средствами.
s afe and s ound - цел и невредим, жив-здоров	Tell your aunt you're safe and sound, and right on the dot of seven. (P. H. Johnson, ‘An Impossible Marriage’, part I, ch. 14)	Передайте тетушке, что я доставил вас в целости и сохранности ровно в семь.
through th ick and th in (through all kinds of difficulties) - несмотря ни на какие препятствия, трудности; решительно, не колеблясь	There's five hundred men here to back you up through thick and thin. (Hall Caine, ‘The Manxman’, part V, ch. VI)	Здесь пятьсот человек, которые грудью постоят за вас.
s pic(k)-and- s pan (very clean) - очень аккуратный, опрятный; чистый, без единого пятнышка	He keeps his car s pic(k)-and- s pan.	У него машина всегда блестит.
(as) p retty as a p icture (attractive) - очаровательная, хороша как картинка	... she's a young actress I know. she's as pretty as a picture. (W. S. Maugham, ‘Theatre’, ch. XVIII)	... Я знаю одну молодую актрису. Она хороша как картинка.
k ith and k in (family relationships) - друзья и родня; родные и близкие	He was without kith or kin, a lonely old man, embittered and pessimistic... (J. London, ‘The People of the Abyss’, ch. XIII)	Это был старик без роду без племени, одинокий, озлобленный пессимист...
the f at is in the f ire (the harm is already done) - дело сделано; дело скверно, быть беде	There'll be a row. I knew there would: and begad all the fat's in the fire. (W. Thackeray, ‘Pendennis’, vol. II, ch. XVIII)	Будет история! Я знал это наперед, черт возьми! Ну и каша заварилась!
as g ood as g old (excellent; very good indeed)
(as) d ead as a d oornail (dead beyond any doubt)

The Peculiarities of the Newspaper Style and Their Translation

1. Newspaper headlines

2. The structure of a newspaper item

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