When the regulatory units are activated by cAMP, the catalytic units are released as active holoenzymes.
PKA consists of two regulatory subunits, which function to maintain two catalytic subunits in an inactive status.
Cα phosphorylates cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), and Cβ phosphorylates c-REL, a subunit of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB).
PLCs play an important role in eukaryotic cell physiology, in particular signal transduction pathways. Thirteen kinds of mammalian phospholipase C are classified into six isotypes (β, γ, δ, ε, ζ, η) according to structure.
Phospholipase C β2. The enzyme catalyzes the formation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate.
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