Context. Types of context

Word motivation is the linguistic relevance of the word as to the interrelation between the outer aspect (form) and its inner aspect (meaning).

Motivation of meaning

Meaning and Notion

Meaning and notion are connected but not identical. The term ’notion’ (concept) was introduced into linguistics from logic and psychology. It denotes the reflection in the human mind of the _____________________ and ______________________ in their essential features and relations.

What is the difference between meaning and notion?

The first essential point of difference is that notions are units of ____________ and meanings are units of ________________. A word expresses the notion but is determined by the peculiarities of the lexical and grammatical systems of each particular language.

Notions are emotionally neutral. The meanings of many words may convey not only the reflection of objective reality but show the attitude of the speaker to what he is speaking about.

Notions are international, especially for nations with the same level of cultural development, whereas meanings may be nationally determined and limited.

So the lexical meaning of the word may be defined as _______________________

____________________________________________________________________.

_______________ motivation is a direct connection between the sound form of the wordy and its meaning: coo-coo, crack, buzz. This type of motivation is observed in onomatopoeic words (echoism) and sound-symbolic words.

_______________ motivation is a direct connection between the morphological structure of the word and its meaning: un-happy, work-er, re-joing This kind of motivation is found in words which consist of more than one morpheme. Morphological motivation can be complete and partial.

________________ motivation is a connection between the direct meaning and the figurative meanings of the word.

By the term context we understand _______________________________________

________________________________________________________________________. The two main types of linguistic contexts which serve to determine individual meanings of words are the _______________ context and the _______________ context. These types are differentiated depending on whether the lexical or the grammatical aspect is predominant in determining the context.

In _______________ contexts of primary importance are lexical groups combined with the polysemantic words under consideration.

In _______________ context it is the grammatical (mainly the syntactic) structure of the context that serves to determine various individual meanings of a polysemantic word.

So, linguistic (verbal) contexts comprise lexical and grammatical contexts. They are opposed to extra-linguistic contexts (non-verbal). In extra-linguistic contexts the meaning of the word is determined not only by linguistics factors but also by the actual situation in which the word is used.

Lecture 6

Semantic classification of English vocabulary

1. Causes of development of new meaning.

2. The nature of semantic change3.Transference Based on similarity4. Transference Based on contiguity3. Results of semantic changeChanges in denotation and conotation4. Polysemy5. Homonymy6. Paronymy

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