Task 8. Review the text

Judges

The personnel of the law

Task 6. Write down the annotation.

Judges are normally appointed from practising barristers, (advocates in Scotland) or solicitors.

High Court judges, circuit judges and recorders are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of the Lord Chancellor. District judges are appointed by the Lord Chancellor. Circuit judges and district judges are appointed through a competitive procedure including an interview before a panel which makes recommendations to the Lord Chancellor. Over the next few years, this procedure for making appointments is to be extended to all judicial posts below the level of the High Court.

Circuit judges, who preside in county courts and the Crown Court, are appointed from barristers or solicitors who have held a right of audience in the Crown Court or county courts for at least ten years or from recorders with at least two years’ experience. Recorders are part-time judges in the Crown Court and county courts and are appointed from among those barristers or solicitors who have held a right of audience in the Crown Court or county courts for at least ten years; they are expected to sit for at least 20 days a year but no more than 50. High Court judges are appointed from practitioners who have held a right of audience in the High Court for at least ten years, or for among circuit judges who have served for at least two years.

Court of Appeal judges are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of the Prime Minister, usually from among High Court judges. The Law Lords (in the House of Lords) are usually appointed from among Court of Appeal judges or the Scottish equivalent.

In Scotland, Supreme Court judges, sheriffs principal and sheriffs are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of the Secretary of State for Scotland. They are chosen from advocates or solicitors who have had many years experience as practitioners in the Supreme or sheriff courts.

Lay magistrates in England and Wales need no legal qualifications but are trained to have sufficient knowledge of the law, including the rules of evidence, and of the nature and purpose of sentencing.

The Scottish district court justices of the peace need no legal qualifications, but they too must take part in training. Stipendiary magistrates are legally qualified.

In Northern Ireland all full-time judges and resident magistrates are appointed by the Queen and are drawn from the legal profession. Members of a lay panel who serve in juvenile courts undertake training courses.

Task 7. Make up the plan & form questions to the text from the previous exercise.

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