A form of state rule

A form of a state

A form of a state is the method of organization and realization of state power.

The concept “a form of a state” consists of 3 elements:

1. a form of state rule is the structure of bodies of state power;

2. a form of a state territorial system isthe method of territorial organization of a state, division of a state on parts and distribution of power between a state and these parts;

3. a form of a state political regime is the method and character of realization of state power.

The are 2 forms of state rule: a monarchy anda republic.

A monarchy is a form of state rule according to which sovereign power in a state is executed almost or partly by one person that belongs to a ruling dynasty (a Pharaoh, a king, a shah, a tsar, an imperator) and obtains power by inheritance and for the whole life, not on certain term. A monarch is not legally responsible for his or her actions.

There are 2 types of a monarchy: unlimited (absolute) and limited (constitutional).

An absolute monarchy is a historical type of a monarchy, in which a monarch has unlimited power (for example: the Russian empire of times of Petro I). In an unlimited monarchy a monarch does not divide sovereign power with anybody, he or she is legislative, executive and judicial power in a state.

There is a theocratic monarchy in which a monarch as the main person in a state is the religious leader (for example, Vatican).

There are 2 types of limited or constitutional monarchies: parliamentary and dualistic.

A limited or constitutional monarchy is a monarchy in which the power of a monarch is limited by the law (the constitution).

In a parliamentary monarchy real power in a country belongs to a parliament and a government. The main person in a state is a prime minister. A monarch is a symbol of a nation and a state, he or she provides stability of a society, executes representatives functions.

There are such limited (constitutional) monarchies nowadays: Great Britain, Sweden, Norway, Belgium, Denmark, Spain, Luxemburg, Japan etc.

A dualistic monarchy is a state in which state power is divided between a monarch and a parliament (for example, Morocco). A monarch has real power in executive part, he or she forms a government, members of a government are responsible before a monarch. In this type of a monarchy a parliament is legislative power.

A republic is a form of state rule in which state power belongs to a collective legislative body of state power (a parliament). Population of a state elects members of a parliament for a definite term.

There are parliamentary, presidential and mixed republics.

1. A presidential republic is characterized by combination of plenary power of a chairman of a state and a head of a government in the hands of a president. The main person of state power in a state is a president.

In a presidential republic:

1) a president is elected by the people or by electors of a special collective body of state power;

2) a president is a Commander-in-Chief, has right of veto and some other rights (for example, right to dismiss a parliament);

3) a president is a head of a state and forms a government;

4) a government is responsible before a president;

5) there is no prime minister in such a state;

6) a president and a government are not responsible before a parliament;

7) legislative power belongs to a representative body of state power (a parliament).

For example:theUnited States of America, Argentina, Belarus, Uzbekistan etc.

2. A parliamentary republic is characterized by concentration of state power in the hands of a parliament which is elected by the people. The parliament is the main body of state power in such a state.

In the parliamentary republic:

1) a president is elected by a parliament;

2) a president is only a chairman of a country, his function are minimal;

3) a government is formed by a parliament from the representatives of parties which have majority in a parliament;

4) a government is responsible before a parliament;

5) there is a prime minister in the state, who is the head of the government and has much power in a state;

6) a parliament appoints a prime minister;

7) a parliament can give a vote of no confidence to a government. In this case the government will be in retirement.

For example: Italy, India, Canada, Moldova etc.

3. Mixed republic unites attributes of presidential and parliamentary republics.

There 2 types of mixed republics: presidential–parliamentary and parliamentary–presidential.

Ukraine is the presidential–parliamentary republic.

Дата добавления: 2014-11-29