People Physical evidence Place Price Process Product Promotion

1. --------------- The goods and services a company provides.

2. --------------- Everyone involved with the company and its products, especially the customers.

3. --------------- Decisions about what customers pay for the product.

4. --------------- Anything that shows or mentions the name and image of the company and its products.

5. --------------- Things concerned with location and distribution.

6. --------------- All the ways in which the company and its customers interact.

7. --------------- Ways to make the company and its products well known and ways to sell products.

Assignment 12. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate word. Translate the text.

engage; skills; perform; charitable; challenging; research; opportunities; earns; cultural; packaging; nonprofit; retailing; work.

In Europe and the United States between 25 and 33 per cent of all civilian workers … marketing activities. The marketing field offers a variety of interesting and … career …, such as personal selling, advertising, …, transport, storage, marketing …, product development, wholesaling, …, strategic planning and consultancy. In addition, many individuals who … for organizations … in marketing activities. Marketing skills are used to promote political, …, church, civic and … activities. Whether a person … a living through marketing activities or performs them without compensation in …organizations marketing, knowledge and … are valuable assets.

Assignment 13. Read the text. What is it about? Give the title to the text. Prove your choice and answer how the study of marketing relates to economics, sociology and psychology.

Marketing is closely related to economics, the social science, concerned with theproduction, distribution, and consumption of useful goods and services. In traditional economic thought economic activity creates utilitiesof form,place, time, and possession. To marketerstheformcreated is the product;place and time refer to having the product available where and when it is needed; and possession relates to ownershipor transfer of title. Marketing is a part of the broad field ofeconomics that helps to create these four all-important utilities.

Marketing is also related to other social sciences. It studies people in a social context, as members of different groups. Advertisers, for example, aim their appeals at particular market segments, such as theyouth market, the urban market, the black market, or the farm market. Sociology helps us understand the differences not only between our society and those of other nations but also between various subcultures within our own country.

Psychology is the study ofthe mental, attitudinal, motivational, or behavioral characteristics of an individual or a group of individuals. Marketing practitioners find knowledge of psychology helpful in formulating advertising and sales campaigns. How do people think? What motivates them to buy? How can we change their buying habits? What price will have the strongest appeal? Psychological research has become a major tool of marketing analysts.

Assignment 14. Translate into English.

1. Концепцію маркетингу, що виникла у 50-х роках, можна застосувати як до прибуткових, так і до неприбуткових компаній. 2. Стратегія маркетингу включає створення належного маркетингового комплексу. 3. Згідно з концепцією маркетингу, організація повинна задовольняти потреби покупців за допомогою ряду послідовних дій. 4. Чотири керовані фактори, які забезпечують найбільш ефективний вибір для споживача є суттю будь-якої системи маркетингу. 5. Маркетинг близько пов’язаний з такими соціальними науками, як економіка, соціологія та психологія. 6. Маркетинг вивчає людей у соціальному контексті.

Grammar: Complexes with infinitive

Objective Infinitive Complex – Об’єктний інфінітивний зворот (Складний додаток)

Об’єктний інфінітивний зворот виконує в реченні роль складного додатка (Complex Object). Цей синтаксичний комплекс складається з двох частин: перша – іменник у загальному відмінку або особовий займенник в об’єктному відмінку; друга – інфінітив, що виражає дію, яку виконує особа або предмет, позначений іменником або займенником в першій частині. Українською мовою об’єктний інфінітивний зворот перекладається підрядним додатковим реченням.

e.g. The director ordered him to sign the letter. – Директор наказав, щоб він підписав листа.

Об’єктний інфінітивний зворот вживається після таких дієслів:

а) to see, to hear, to feel, to watch, to observe, to notice (без частки to)

We heard them make a report.

Ми чули, як вони робили доповідь.

б) to want, to wish, to like, etc.

I want you to send the order.

Я хочу, щоб ви відправили замовлення.

в) to consider, to believe, to think, to know, to expect, to suppose, etc.

They expected us to have delivered the goods.

Вони сподівалися, що ми доставили товари.

г) to order, to ask, to allow, to recommend, to make, to let (після дієслів to make і to let інфінітив уживається без частки to).

The manager ordered us to sign the documents.

Менеджер наказав нам підписати документи.

Замість інфінітива в складному додатку може вживатись Present Participle (Objective Participle Complex). Зворот з інфінітивом виражає, в більшості випадків, закінчену дію, тоді як зворот з дієприкметником виражає дію, що триває.

e.g. I saw her enter the room. – Я бачив, як вона увійшла до кімнати.

I saw her entering the room. – Я бачив, як вона входила до кімнати.

Assignment 15. Translate into Ukrainian.

1. They expected him to sell the goods. 2. We know her to be a good accountant. 3. I suppose them to have a car. 4. I want you to make a decision. 5. We heard them discuss the problem with the partners. 6. They considered him to have prepared the report.

Assignment 16. Insert ‘to’ where necessary before the infinitives in brackets.

1. The boss made the secretary (repeat) the message. 2. They won’t let you (leave) the Customs area till your luggage has been examined. 3. Will you help me (fill in) this application form? 4. I’d like him (accept) this invitation. 5. I don’t want anybody (use) the results of my experiments. 6. He made me (sign) this paper. 7. I saw him (leave) the office. 8. Nobody noticed him (come) in. 9. I don’t want anybody (know) about our plans. 10. She knew him (be) a good marketer.

Assignment 17. Change the following complex sentences into simple ones using the Objective Infinitive Complex as in the model.

Model: I watched the accountant as he prepared a report. – I watched the accountant prepare a report. I expect that you will come in time. – I expect you to come in time.

1. We watched the manager as he signed the contract. 2. I expect that they will discuss this problem at the meeting. 3. He thinks that we shall meet the needs of our customers. 4. I believe that you will send us your order. 5. We consider that you signed the document. 6. He knows that they supplied goods to their partners. 7. They suppose that we hire a new applicant. 8. We heard that they sent us their catalogues. 9. He notices that raw material prices rise. 10. They expect that I shall offer them a range of my goods.

Assignment 18. Read a situation and write a sentence with complex object using the given words as in the model.

Model: Ann didn’t have any money. (want/Jim/ lend) – Ann wanted Jim to lend her some money.

1. My parents were disappointed when I decided to leave home. (want/me/stay with them). 2. In your place I would tell the police about the accident. (advise/me/inform) 3. She received a letter from Tony, but nobody knew what it was about. (not let/anybody/read) 4. Please, don’t tell anyone that I’m leaving my job. (not want/anyone/know) 5. We were sure that our chief executive would be late. And he was. (expect/him/be late)

Assignment 19. Translate into English the Objective Infinitive Complex.

1. Всі вважають, що він дуже успішний підприємець. 2. Ми не сподівалися, що вона закінчить цей звіт без нашої допомоги. 3. Це змусить менеджерів компанії подумати, як вирішити проблему захисту свого виробника. 4. Що змусило уряд підвищити ціни на імпортні товари. 5. Ми спостерігати, як покупці вибирали товари. 6. Я не хочу, щоб ви контролювали мою діяльність. 7. Він не припускав, що це питання розглянуть так швидко. 8. Ніхто не знав, що ця перспективна компанія стане банкрутом. 9. Він не дозволив мені проглянути цей звіт. 10. Усі помітили, що він запізнився на збори акціонерів.

Дата добавления: 2014-11-29