Management. Module 5 organizing for business

UNIT 23

MODULE 5 ORGANIZING FOR BUSINESS

Comprehension check.

EXCISE TAXES

Comprehension check.

1. What type of tax is a sales tax: progressive, regressive or proportional?

2. What items are often exempt from the sales tax?

Sometimes taxes are levied only on certain items, such as cigarettes, liquor, or gasoline. A sales tax levied only on a specific item is called an excise tax. Excise tax rates are usually higher than general sales taxes. In general, excise taxes have the same advantages and disadvantages as sales taxes. Like sales taxes, many excise taxes are regressive and discriminate against the poor. However, the excise taxes on luxury items, such as furs and jewelry, are not regressive because the poor do not buy such goods.

Some excise taxes illustrate the benefit principle of taxation. A good example is the excise tax on gasoline. The revenues from this tax help to support highway construction and repair. Those people who buy the most gasoline pay most of the gasoline excise taxes. They also take the greatest use of our highway system. When the revenue from a tax is designated for a specific use such as this, we say the tax revenue is earmarked. This means that the revenue is set aside for a particular use rather than being put into the general fund.

1. What differentiates a sales tax from the excise tax?

2. What principle of taxation do some excise taxes illustrate?

3. What does it mean ‘the tax revenue is earmarked’?

Grammar: Phrasal verbs

Assignment 1. Read and learn the following words and word combinations:

management – керівництво, управління, менеджмент;

to work for, with and through people – працювати для людей, з людьми та за допомогою людей;

to achieve the goal/purpose – досягати мети;

planning – планування;

decision making – прийняття рішень;

organizing – організація (процес);

leading – управління (процес);

controlling – контролювання;

to allocate – розміщувати;

to implement – реалізовувати, втілювати;

to put plan into action – втілювати план в дію;

to assign personnel – давати завдання персоналу;

to support – підтримувати, допомагати;

to guide – керувати, спрямовувати;

attainment – досягнення;

to motivate – спонукати, мотивувати;

performance – виконання;

to interpret – тлумачити, пояснювати;

feedback on something – відгук (про), реакція (на), інформація (про);

constructive – творчий, конструктивний

top management – вище керівництво;

middle management – керівництво середньої ланки;

first-line management – керівництво нижчої ланки;

executive – керівник (виконавчий)

to devote – присвячувати;

long-range plan – довгостроковий план;

division head –керівник підрозділу;

procedure – процедура, методика, технологічний процес;

supervisor – наглядач, контролер;

foreman – майстер;

department head – керівник відділу;

to evaluate – оцінювати;

managerial skills – управлінські навички/вміння;

technical skills – спеціальні знання;

human relations skills – вміння ладнати з людьми;

conceptual skills – вміння осягнути ідею/концепцію.

Assignment 2. Read and translate the following text:

Дата добавления: 2014-11-29