Management

Management plays a vital role in any business or organized activity. Management is the process of working for, with and through people to achieve organizational goals. These activities can be grouped as four general functions: planning and decision making, organizing, leading and controlling.

Planning and decision making involve determining the organization’s goals and deciding how best to achieve them. The purpose of planning is to provide managers with a programme of what they should be doing in the future.

The second basic managerial function is organizing. Organizing is a process of allocating human and material resources to implement plans. Organizing puts plans into action by defining tasks, assigning personnel, and supporting them with resources.

The third basic function is leading – the set of processes associated with guiding and directing employees toward goal attainment. Key parts of leading are motivating employees, managing group processes, and dealing with conflict and change.

The final basic managerial function is controlling. Controlling is the process of monitoring performance, comparing results with goals, and taking corrective action. Controlling involves gathering and interpreting feedback on performance as a basis for constructive action and change.

Management is composed of a team of managers who have charge of the organization at all levels. There are 3 general levels of management: top management, middle management and first-line management.

Top management, the highest level of management pyramid includes the president, executive vice-president and other key company executives. These people devote their time to developing long-range plans for the company.

Middle management, the second level of the management pyramid, includes plant managers and division heads. Middle managers are responsible for developing detailed plans and procedures to implement the general plans of top management.

First-linemanagement includes supervisors, foremen, department heads who are directly responsible for details of assigning workers to specific jobs and evaluating their work.

All managers must possess 3 basic managerial skills: technical skills, human relations skills and conceptual skills.

Assignment 3. Answer the following questions.

1. What is management?

2. What are the functions of management?

3. What is the purpose of planning and decision making?

4. What activities are associated with organizing?

5. What is meant by leading?

6. What activities does controlling involve?

7. How many general levels of management are there in most of organizations?

8. What functions are performed by top management?

9. What are middle managers responsible for?

10. Whom does first-line management include?

11. What are the three skills required for managerial success?

Assignment 4. Translate into Ukrainian:

Organized activity; to interpret feedback on performance; to allocate resources; to assign personnel; to support personnel with resources; to take corrective action; a set of processes; to deal with conflict and change; to monitor performance; management pyramid; general plan; managerial; key executives; procedure; specific job; conceptual skills.

Assignment 5. Translate into English:

Вирішальна роль; працювати для людей, з людьми і за допомогою людей; роз’яснювати лінію поведінки/політику; визначати мету організації; виконуючий віце-президент; довгостроковий план; керувати груповою діяльністю; управлінська піраміда; керівник підрозділу; детальні плани та процедури; навички/вміння; вміння ладнати з людьми; подробиці окремих завдань, доручених робітникам.

Assignment 6. 1 ) Match and learn the synonyms. 2) Make up 5 sentences with any of the words.

A: assignment, to involve, to control, feedback, goal, to put into action, to explain;

B: to include, objective, to interpret, task, to monitor, to implement, response.

Assignment 7. 1) Match and learn the opposites. 2) Make up 5 sentences with any of the words.

A: include, top, long-range, supervisor, specific, activity, attain, constructive;

B: short-term, miss, destructive, subordinate, leisure, general, exclude, bottom.

Assignment 8. Make up questions to the underlined words:

1. Managers are responsible for the organization at all levels. 2. The Board of Directors will meet next Friday. 3. He explained to me the details of the assignment. 4. Managers must be good motivators. 5. Tactical planning is a specific short-term planning.

Assignment 9. Restore the word order in the following definitions and match them with the respective term. Learn the definitions.

planning and decision making	of, employees, attainment, guiding, the, toward, and, Is, directing, goal, process
organizing	monitoring, comparing, taking, the, corrective, results, of, process, performance, with, action, goals, Is, and
leading	material, and, result, the, allocating, Is, human, process, resources, of, to, achieve, a, desired
controlling	goals, the, determining, process, deciding, to, attain, best, and, the, how, them, organization’s, Is, of

Assignment 10. Connect these words into suitable pairs (v + n). Continue until you cannot think of any more connections. Then write the pairs under the function to which they relate.

Verb	Noun
achieve	guide	goal	procedure
allocate	implement	group activity	programme
assign	interpret	corrective action	plan
deal (with)	manage	conflict and change	objective
define	monitor	employee	resource
determine	motivate	information	result
develop	provide	feedback	task
evaluate	support	performance	work
gather	take	personnel	worker

e.g. allocate resources

planning	organizing	leading	controlling
	allocate resources

Assignment 11. Use exercise 10 to describe activities involved in performing each managerial function.

Assignment 12. 1. Form gerunds denoting a process, abstract nouns and nouns denoting a person (agent) from the following verbs.

	Verb	Gerund	Abstract noun	Noun/agent
	to control	controlling	control	controller
	to allocate
	to interpret
	to lead
	to organize
	to supervise

2. Use the proper word from a respective line to complete the sentences below.

1. Centralized (4) keep authority and control at the top level. 2. (2) is a person who gives an immediate oral translation of words spoken in another language. 3. Who is responsible for (1) financial resources in your company? 4. The foundation of (3) is power. 5. First-line managers are those who (5) operating employees.

Assignment 13. Fill in the gaps with the words given below.

Supervise; human relation skills; assign; to achieve; organization; managerial function; top management; decision making.

1. Organizing includes creating efficient work systems … the goals of the business. 2. Managers …, monitor and coordinate different areas of a business. 3. … mean the ability to work well with others as a member and as a leader. 4. Managers must attract people to the organization and …them with specific work. 5. Research shows that time spent on planning and organizing tends to increase at the level of …. 6. … is most closely connected with the … of planning. 7. The purpose of any … is to create a good or service.

Assignment 14. Insert the proper preposition.

1. Do you like the people you are working …? 2. First-line managers are directly responsible … putting plans … action. 3. What activities are associated … controlling? 4. Long-range plans are developed … top management. 5. Our supervisor directed his attention … the evaluation … our work. 6. We are going to devote our time … improving the production process. 7. Who will provide you … the programme … future action?

Assignment 15. Agree or disagree with the following statements.

If you agree, begin with: You are quite right; I quite agree with you; Exactly; Quite so.

If you partially disagree, begin with: You are not quite right; True, but …; It is true in a way,but ….

If you find the sentence completely wrong, begin with: I’m afraid, that’s wrong; I think you are mistaken; On the contrary; That’s not quite so.

1. When responsibility is shared work becomes more interesting. 2. Employees always want managers to organize and control everything. 3. In traditional hierarchical companies employees help managers in decision making. 4. A person can have power over you only if he or she controls something you desire. 5. Salary is the most important factor of employee motivation.6. Reality around us is continuously changing. Managers must learn how to deal with changes. 7. At lower levels of management much time is spent on planning. 8. To accomplish the task in the shortest time possible the staff should work long hours. 9. According to Sir Ronald Smith “Management should be based on innovation, marketing and risk”. 10. If something goes wrong better report to your supervisor. It is his responsibility to take a corrective action.

Assignment 16. Translate into English.

1. Менеджмент включає планування, організацію, спрямування та контролювання людських, фінансових та матеріальних ресурсів організації. 2. Поясніть мені моє завдання та процедуру його виконання. 3. Ми зустрілися для того, щоб обговорити довгострокові плани організації. 4. Весь персонал повинен працювати на досягнення нашої мети. 5. Хто контролює виконання завдань у вашому підрозділі?

Grammar: Phrasal verbs

Особливою рисою англійської мови є явище, коли прислівник, що вживається після дієслова, надає дієслову значення, відмінне від початкового. Наприклад: to look – дивитись, to look after – піклуватись, to look for – шукати, to look out – бути обережним.

Такі словосполучення називаються фразовими дієсловами (phrasal verbs). Фразові дієслова подібні фразеологізмам, тобто мають стале значення, яке не виводиться із значень компонентів. Ось чому їх рекомендують заучувати, запам’ятовуючи, в яких ситуаціях (контекстах) вони вживаються.

Фразові дієслова притаманні розмовному стилю. В офіційному мовленні такі словосполучення часто замінюються однослівним дієсловом з подібним значенням. Наприклад:

The negotiations fell through at the last moment. – The negotiations failed at the last moment.

Assignment 17.1. Consult a good dictionary to learn the meaning of the following phrasal verbs (column 1). 2. Match each phrasal verb with its synonym (column 2).

	stand by	a	rise
	stand down	b	mean
	stand for	c	act as substitute
	stand in	d	support
	stand off	e	postpone
	stand on	f	resign
	stand out	g	insist on
	stand over	h	keep away
	stand up	i	be prominent

Assignment 18. Use proper phrasal verb with ‘stand’ to complete the sentences.

1.”Class, …!”, ordered the teacher when the director entered the classroom. 2. We don’t … dress code in our company. 3. Her friends all … her in this difficult situation. 4. Despite all arguments the top management … restructuring of the company. 5. This bill still … It must be paid immediately. 6. After 20 years on the Board of Directors he … 7. I’m looking for someone to … for me next week. 8. “… the construction site. It’s dangerous”, mother warned her children. 9. She … for her brilliant mind.

Assignment 19. Consult a dictionary to learn the meaning of the phrasal verbs in the box. Use them to paraphrase the sentences below.

to put someone out to put something off to be off to pencil something in to get in touch with someone to come up to pin someone down

1. Could we write a provisional date in our diaries? 2. I’m sorry to upset your plans. 3. I’m afraid the meeting is cancelled. 4. Something unexpected has happened. 5. We’ll have to delay the meeting. 6. I can’t make them decide exactly what they are going to do. 7. I need to contact my lawyer.

Assignment 20. Here are 6 phrasal verbs with adverb ‘over’. Check their meaning in the dictionary. Use them to complete the sentences below.

make over look over take over put over hold over hand over

1. The matter was … until the next meeting. 2. He … the whole of his property to the National Trust. 3. The interviewer … the applicant’s documents very carefully. 4. He has resigned and will … charge of his office today. 5. They … him a man six years younger than himself. 6. The new CEO … yesterday.

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