Text-based exercises. Reading-Comprehension exercises

Reading-Comprehension exercises

Ex. 7. Say which of the sentences are taken from another context. Name the numbers.

1. Wood may be broken down mechanically or chemically and used as a raw material for other building materials composite boards or engineered wood.

2. Wood is used for construction purposes as lumber and timber, such as boards, planks and similar materials.

3. Today, solid wood furniture is becoming increasingly hard to find and can be very expensive.

4. Individual houses in many parts of the world today are commonly made as timber-framed constructions.

5. Different types of wood have many differing qualities which are useful for construction purposes.

6. Wood is sometimes burned as a fuel, and hardwood is preferred over softwood because it creates less smoke and burns longer.

7. As a rule, finished lumber is supplied for the construction industry as softwood from coniferous species but also some hardwood, for high-grade flooring.

8. If the preservative is applied correctly, it extends the productive life of lumber by five to ten times.

Ex. 8. Answer the questions relying on the information from the text. Give short answers.

1. Is wood a product of fibrous plants like trees?

2. Are boards, planks and similar materials named lumber or timber?

3. Is wood strong and flexible under loads?

4. Is wood used for building in its unprocessed form?

5. Did the invention of mechanizing saws influence the production lumber?

6. Is rough lumber used as raw material for furniture-making or construction?

7. Is individual housing made from timber-framed construction?

8. Is wood used as a supporting material or shuttering material?

9. Are wood derivatives used in construction?

Ex. 9. Insert into the sentences the right word or word group from the box.

flexible under loads; unsuitable for construction; timber-framed; harvest trees; wood pulp; dimensional lumber; furniture-making; laminate flooring; coniferous species; growing conditions; fibrous plants; sawn planks; oriented strand board; supporting material; unprocessed form

1. Wood is a product of trees, and sometimes other ______.

2. Wood can be very ______, keeping strength while bending, and strong when compressed vertically.

3. And _______ are important for deciding quality.

4. Historically, wood for building large structures was used in its ______ as logs.

5. In earlier times many country homes or communities had a personal wood-lot from which they would grow and ______ to build with.

6. With the invention of mechanizing saws came the mass production of ______.

7. Lumber is wood for use as structural material for construction, or ______ for paper production.

8. Rough lumber is the raw material for ______ and other items requiring additional cutting and shaping

9. Finished lumber is supplied in standard sizes, primarily softwood from ______ for high-grade flooring.

10. New domestic housing today is commonly made from ______ construction.

11. Wood is found as a ______ in roof construction, in interior doors and their frames, and as exterior cladding.

12. Outside America lumber usually refers to felled trees, and the word for ______ ready for use is timber.

13. Wood ______ is broken down mechanically (into fibres or chips) or chemically (into cellulose).

14. Wood can be used for other building materials such as chipboard, engineered wood, hardboard, medium-density fiberboard (MDF), ______ (OSB).

15. Wood derivatives can also be used for kinds of flooring, for example, ______.

Ex. 10. Complete the sentences.

1. Wood is cut or pressed into lumber and timber, such as ….

2. It is a generic building material and is ….

3. There are many differing qualities to ….

4. The trees were just cut to the needed length, sometimes ….

5. In earlier times many country homes or communities had ….

6. With the invention of mechanizing saws ….

7. Lumber or timber is wood in any of its stages from ….

8. Finished lumber is supplied in standard sizes for the construction industry, primarily ….

9. … is commonly made from timber-framed construction.

10. In buildings made of other materials, wood will still be found as ….

11. Wood is also commonly used as ….

12. Wood unsuitable for construction in its native form may be ….

Ex. 11. Complete the following sentences using English equivalents in­stead of the Russian words and word-combinations. Use Text 1 for support.

1. Wood is a product of trees, and sometimes (и других волокнистых растений), used for construction purposes when cut or pressed into lumber and timber.

2. It is a (общее название строительного материала) and is used in building any type of structure in most climates.

3. Wood can be very (гибкий под нагрузкой, сохраняя прочность при сгибании), and is incredibly strong when compressed vertically.

4. (Есть много отличительных свойств у различных типов древесины), even among same tree species.

5. This means that (определенные породы лучше других для различных назначений) than others.

6. Historically, wood for building large structures was used in (в необработанном виде как бревно).

7. The trees were (только распиливали на необходимую длину), sometimes stripped of bark, and then notched or lashed in to place.

8. In earlier times, and in some parts of the world, (многие сельские семьи или общины имели личный участок леса) from which the family or community would grow and harvest trees to build with.

9. With the invention of mechanizing saws (возникло массовое производство пиломатериалов стандартных размеров).

10. This (позволило быстрее строить здания и унифицировать их) and thus the modern western style home was made.

11. Lumber or timber is wood (на любой из ее стадий от лесоповала до готовности для использования) as structural material for construction, or wood pulp for paper production.

12. Besides pulpwood, (необработанные пиломатериалы – это сырье для изготовления мебели и других изделий) requiring additional cutting and shaping. It is available in many species, usually hardwoods.

13. (Обработанная древесина поставляется в стандартных размерах), mostly for the construction industry, primarily softwood from coniferous.

14. (Древесина является важным стройматериалом) since humans began building shelters, houses and boats.

15. In buildings made of other materials, wood will still be found as a supporting material, (особенно при строительстве крыши, внутренних дверей и их коробок и в качестве наружной обшивки).

16. Elsewhere, lumber usually refers to felled trees, (а слово для распиленных досок, готовых к использованию) is timber.

17. Wood is also commonly used as (материал для опалубки, чтобы сделать форму, в которую заливается бетон) during reinforced concrete construction.

18. Wood (непригодная для строительства в своем первозданном виде) may be broken down mechanically (into fibers or chips) or chemically.

19. Pulpwood is also used as a raw material for other building materials such as (древесно-стружечные плиты, композитные материалы на основе древесины), hardboard, medium-density fiberboard (MDF), oriented strand board (OSB).

20. Wood derivatives can also be used (для различных видов напольных покрытий, например ламинированных покрытий).

Ex. 12. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Древесина - это общее название строительного материала, который используется в строительстве любых сооружений в большинстве климатических условий.

2. Древесина сохраняет прочность при сгибании, и может быть невероятно прочной при вертикальном сжатии.

3. Определенные породы дерева лучше других для различных назначений.

4. В прошлом древесина для строительства использовалась необработанной виде бревна.

5. Многие сельские семьи имели личный участок леса, в котором они выращивали и заготавливали древесину для строительства.

6. Изобретение механической пилы привело к массовому производству пиломатериалов стандартных размеров.

7. Пиломатериалы – это древесина на любой из ее стадий от лесоповала до готовности для использования в виде конструкционного материала.

8. Необработанные пиломатериалы – это сырье для изготовления мебели и других изделий, требующих дополнительной резки и формовки.

9. Обработанная древесина поставляется в стандартных размерах, главным образом для строительной промышленности.

10. Новые жилые строения во многих местах в мире обычно строятся на основе деревянной рамной конструкции.

11. Древесина встречается как дополнительный материал, особенно в строительстве крыши, внутренних дверей и их коробок и в качестве наружной обшивки.

12. Древесина используется как материал для опалубки для изготовления формы, в которую заливается бетон.

13. Древесина, непригодная для строительства в своем первозданном виде, может измельчаться механически или химически.

14. Измельченная древесина может использоваться как сырье для строительных материалов типа древесно-стружечной плиты, ДВП средней плотности (MDF), структурно-ориентированной плиты (OSB).

15. Древесные производные могут также использоваться для различных видов напольных покрытий, например, ламинированных покрытий.

Ex. 13. Condense the sentences retaining the key information and removing details, e.g.: Wood is a product of trees, and sometimes other fibrous plants, used for construction purposes when cut or pressed into lumber and timber, such as boards, planks and similar materials. à Wood is a product of trees used for construction purposes when cut or pressed into timber.

1. Wood can be very flexible under loads, keeping strength while bending, and is incredibly strong when compressed vertically.

2. In earlier times, and in some parts of the world, many country homes or communities had a personal wood-lot from which the family or community would grow and harvest trees to build with.

3. Finished lumber is supplied in standard sizes, mostly for the construction industry, primarily softwood from coniferous species including pine, cedar, hemlock, fir and spruce, but also some hardwood, for high-grade flooring.

4. In buildings made of other materials, wood will still be found as a supporting material, especially in roof construction, in interior doors and their frames, and as exterior cladding.

5. Wood unsuitable for construction in its native form may be broken down mechanically (into fibers or chips) or chemically (into cellulose) and used as a raw material for other building materials such as chipboard, engineered wood, hardboard, medium-density fiberboard (MDF), oriented strand board (OSB).

Ex. 14. A) Arrange the sentences in a logical order (it may differ from the logical presentation of text 1).

B) Write out 10-12 sentences conveying the key ideas and omitting what is unessential.

1. Finished lumber is supplied in standard sizes, mostly for the construction industry.

2. Historically, wood for building large structures was used in its unprocessed form as logs.

3. It is a generic building material and is used in building any type of structure in most climates.

4. Lumber is primarily softwood from coniferous species including pine, cedar, hemlock, fir and spruce, but also some hardwood, for high-grade flooring.

5. New domestic housing in many parts of the world today is commonly made from timber-framed construction.

6. Rough lumber is the raw material for paper production and furniture-making.

7. Specific species of wood are better for various uses than others.

8. The mechanizing saws resulted in mass production of dimensional lumber.

9. The trees were cut to the needed length, stripped of bark, and notched or lashed.

10. There are many differing qualities to the different types of wood, even among the same tree species.

11. Timber is wood from felling to readiness for use structural material for construction, or wood pulp for paper production.

12. With the mass production of lumber the modern western style home was made.

13. Wood can be very strong when compressed vertically and flexible under loads.

14. Wood derivatives can be used for different kinds of flooring, for example, laminate flooring.

15. Wood has been an important construction material since humans began building shelters, houses and boats.

16. Wood is a product of trees used for construction purposes when cut or pressed into timber.

17. Wood is also commonly used as shuttering material for reinforced concrete.

18. Wood is used as a supporting material in the construction of roofs, doors and as cladding.

19. Wood to be used for construction work is commonly known as lumber in North America.

20. Wood unsuitable for construction may be broken down and used as a raw material for engineered wood products.

Ex. 15. Summarize the text. Tell us the essentials about wood, types of wood products and their uses in construction.

For more specific information concerning wood read text 2 ‘ENGINEERED WOOD’ and get ready to answer the questions following the text and the list of vocabulary.

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