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Прочитайте текст и выполните задания. Dams Failures

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Переведите интернациональные слова.

TEXT D

Ответьте на вопросы.

What should be taken into consideration before hydraulic engi­neering projects implementation?

How can reservoirs affect rivers ecology?

Why do reservoirs contribute to seismic activity of the region?

What makes hydroelectric generation vulnerable?

What are the main advantages of hydroelectricity use?

6. Расскажите об особенностях гидротехнического строительства.

routine, deformation, catastrophic, structural, collapse, monitoring, functional, mechanism, virtual, problem, destruction, installation, identification.

dam failure — прорыв плотины, авария;

to breach — пробивать брешь, проламывать;

deformation monitoring — текущий контроль/наблюдение за це­лостностью (плотины);

remedial action — устранение неисправностей, ремонт;

structural collapse — разрушение сооружения;

rock grouting — напорное инъецирование раствора, цементиро­вание трещин в плотине; cement slurry — цементный раствор;

fractured rock — зд. дефектная (покрытая трещинами) конструк­ция плотины;

installation containing dangerous forces — объект повышенной опасности;

massive destruction — массовое разрушение/уничтожение;

early warning system — система раннего предупреждения;

levee — (земляная) дамба, плотина, мол;

dike — (защитная) дамба, плотина, запруда, перемычка;

spillway design error — ошибка в проектировании/строительстве

водосбросных сооружений;

water level — горизонт вод;

filling — наполнение/заполнение (водохранилища);

poor surveying— недостаточная разведка/анализ;

poor maintenance — плохое содержание/техническое обслуживание;

outlet pipe — выпускная труба, водовыпуск.

[Dam failures are catastrophic if the structure is breached or dam- aged.]⁰ Routine deformation monitoring of seepage in and around

dams is necessary to anticipate virtual problems and permit all re-

quired remedial actions before actual structural collapse occurs.

Most dams are well-equipped with functional mechanisms for such

problems. [Another solution is rock grouting (pressure pumping Port- land cement slurry into fractured rock). ]°

During military operations a dam is considered 'an installation containing dangerous forces' due to the massive destruction of the civilians and the environment. Dams are protected by International Humanitarian Law (IHL). To ease the identification, a protective sign — three bright orange circles on the same axis — is defined by the rules of IHL.

Since 2007 early warning systems for levee /dike failures have been used. Destruction processes are monitored by an international group of companies and scientific institutions.

The main dam failure causes to be taken into consideration are:

• spillway design error;

• geological instability caused by changes to water levels dur­ing filling or poor surveying;

• poor maintenance, especially of outlet pipes;

• extreme rainfall;

• human, computer or design error. (1 060 п.зн.)

4. Переведите цепочки слов.

A.

Processes

Development processes

Strategy development processes

Testing strategy development processes

Model testing strategy development processes

Behavior model testing strategy development processes

Dam behaviour model testing strategy development processes

Standard dam behavior model testing strategy development processes

B.

Observation

Law observation

Development law observation

Monitoring development law observation

Defect monitoring development law observation

Foundation defect monitoring development law observation

Dams foundation defect monitoring development law observation

C.

Analyses

Work analyses

Agency work analyses

Control agency work analyses

Quality control agency work analyses

Production quality control agency work analyses

Structure production quality control agency work analyses

Concrete structure production quality control agency work analyses

ü construct, construction, constructional, constructionist, con­structive, constructivism, constructor; constructiveness;

ü stability, stabilization, stabilize, stabilized, stabilizer, stabiliz­ing, stable;

ü invention, inventiveness, invent, inventor, inventive, inventively;

ü form, formal, formalism, formalist, formalistic, formality, for­malize, formally, format, deformation;

ü human, inhumane, humanely, humaneness, humanity, human- made, humanism, humanist, humanistic, humanitarian, humanize, hu- mankind

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