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Typefaces




IV. Read the following text and retell it.

I. Read the sentences and say if they are true or false. If they are false, correct them.

Characters in typeset copy are measured in units called ‘points’.

This system, was first developed in France

The terminology for the different parts of typeset characters forms a significant body of commonly used words

II. Find the equivalents of the following terms:

a) points 1)

b) 'cicero' 2)

c) metrication 3)

d) apex 4)

e) ascender 5)

f) character 6)

g) cross-spur 7)

h) condensed typeface 8)

i) unit 9)

j) width 10)

k) descender 11)

l) loop 12)

m) counter 13)

n) body size 14)

o) spine 15)

p) pica 16)

q) base line 17)

r) slice 18)

s) capital 19)

t) tail 20)

 

III.Fill the gaps using the following words:

units, character's, spaces, refinement, set points, widths, proportions, size

The most important measurement in control­ling line length is that of each………….width. This measurement is determined by dividing an em into vertical ‘slices'. These are called …………… or, more commonly in phototypesetting units. The number of…………… in an em varies from one typesetting system to another, but probably the most popular is 18; the more units there are in an em, the greater the possibility of ……………….. Units not only control the …………….. of characters but also ………………the between them. Although the actual ………..of the unit varies according to the size of type, because there are always the same number of units to any one em regardless of size, the ……………… remain the same.

Before the advent of phototypesetting, there was a relatively small number of typefaces, because of the labour involved in cutting punches to the precise form required. In phototypesetting, however, the typeface can be reproduced from artwork, and this has resulted in the proliferation of typefaces now available.

It is important to realize that typefaces with the same name are not identical if set on different machines. For example, Baskerville set on a Linotron will not match Baskerville set on a Monophoto, As well as the characters themselves having a slightly different design, the set

widths and heights of the characters on the body may be different.

The relative ease with which typefaces can be copied, modified or created from scratch on a computer has brought about a proliferation of fonts from various suppliers. Curiously copyright in a font exists not in the design of the font, as you might expect, but in its name.

This has resulted in many foundries producing, as well as their own new designs, the same fonts as other foundries, but with different names. Listed here are some common typefaces and their alternative names: Antique Olive (Alphavanti, Oliva, Olivette, Provence), Bernbo (Aldine, Aldine Roman, Ambo, Griffo) Baskerville (Basque, Baskerline, Beaumont, BK), Bodoni (BO, Bodoni No2) Bauer Bodoni (Bodoni B, Euro Bodoni, Headline Bodoni) Garamond (American, Garamont, GD, Grenada), Rockwell (Geometric Slabserif Rockland, 712, Slate), Times Roman (Claritas, Dutch 801, English, Euro Times, London Roman, Timeless, Times New Roman, TmsRmn, TR),

Goudy (Grecian, Number 11), Helvetica (Aristocrat, Claro, Europa Grotesk, Geneva, Gamilton, He, Helvette, Newton), Univers (Aries, Boston, Versatile, UN, Zurich), Futura (Alphatura Atlantis, FU).

V. Choose two or three different types of fonts and compare them by their design.

 


UNIT 4 Pre-Print and Printing Processes

Text 1 Digital Pre-Press Stage

 

Without a doubt, systems for the digital mounting of whole print sheets and for the exposure of whole sheet films are on the advance Future developments in the computer-to-plate direction are already foreseeable at present and are partially already reality Against this background the digitization of the measuring elements required for printing, such as quality control strips, proof strips or register marks, is an absolute necessity Heidelberg measuring elements (quality control strip system Heidelberg GS, CPC proof strip, register marks for CPC 41 and for CPC 42) are now available in digital form They are pro­grammed in PostScript® and suit all layout programs, RIPs and imagesetters based thereon The digital measuring elements are considerably easier to position than film parts, which means that the print formes can be produced at lower cost.

In addition fully digitally pro­duced print sheets are by their very nature free from mounting imprecisions, in particular differ­ences between images and the register control marks, which increases still further the utiliza­tion of the digital measuring elements when setting the print­ing press.

These digital measuring elements are available on large imageset­ters from Linotype-Hell and other renowned suppliers Distribution and service is effected via the manufacturers of imagesetters.

Fast Makeready

Finally, automated cleaning devices get the plates ready to start printing. The entire process is fully automated and takes only about 15 minutes! While the plates are being imaged, the Quickmaster DI operator is free to make other preparations for the pressrun. The inherent versatility of the press permits preloading of the paper, among other things. Changing formats could hardly be easier, requiring only a few quick adjustments to be made with the central format setting at the feeder. All four printing units can also be centrally adjusted to the thickness of the stock being printed on, using a handwheel at the delivery.

 

Text 2 Direct Imaging

Direct Imaging is based on ad­vanced laser technology. First the Raster Image Processor (RIP) integrated in the Quickmaster DI converts PostScript Level 2 data into bitmap files corresponding to the four-color separations. These are in turn used to control infrared laser diodes in the press. An Ethernet link is all it takes to directly transfer digitized docu­ments to the Quickmaster DI, bypassing the stages of stripping, film exposure and platemaking. The light emitted by the laser diodes is led via fiber-optic cables to lenses that focus them into a single, precise beam of light. This high-intensity beam burns very small, sharp-edged depres­sions in a special multilayer plate. Analogously to other waterless offset processes, this reveals the underlying backing material, which accepts ink Everywhere else (in the nonimage areas) the ink-repelling silicone layer remains intact. The special plate material used in the Quickmaster DI allows the press to operate without the dampen­ing solution required in conventional offset printing. Waterless printing provides full, intense colors and is overall more opera­tor-friendly.

Two different resolutions are available for imaging the plates in the press. 1270 dpi and 2540 dpi- The 1270 dpi resolu­tion (corresponding to 50 dots per millimeter) is sufficient to print a 150 Ipi screen in good offset quality. The higher resolution can be used to good advantage on jobs that pose special requirements, such as delicate gradients.

 

І. Answer the following questions:

1. What is the base for Direct Imaging?

2. How do the laser diodes work?

3. Why can the press operate without the dampening solution?

4. What resolutios are there in the press?

 

ІІ. Find in the text equivalents of the terms:

Лазерний діод, a)

керуючі сигнали, b)

додрукарська садія c)

оптоволоконний кабель

до друкарська садія,

репродукування,

монтаж,

копіювання на форму,,

багатошарова друкарська плівка,

сухий офсет,

зволожуючий розчин,

роздільна здатність.

IV. Complete the text using the words:

In other words, directly, in addition, advantage, printing, simultaneously, already.

 




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