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Traffic Pollution




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Christopher Columbus was probably the first to take cacao beans from the New World to Europe in about 1502. In 1519 the Spanish explorer Hernando Cortez visited Mexican emperor Montezuma and took some cacao as a gift for the King of Spain. Soon people began to drink chocolate with chili peppers but the taste of cocoa was too bitter so they added sugar to this cacao drink. By the end of 17th century rich people in Europe were drinking chocolate. In 1828 Dutch chocolate makers learnt how to press the fat from cacao beans.

The history of chocolate started at least 4000 years ago. The Aztecs, who lived in America, treated cacao drink as a gift of their gods.

Chocolate is a delicious sweet loved by almost everybody.

Nowadays chocolate is a popular holiday gift for Christmas, birthdays and St. Valentine's Day. Chocolate eggs are sometimes given at Easter.


ЕКЗАМЕНАЦІЙНИЙ БІЛЕТ № 9 23

 Simple Ways to Live a Healthy Lifestyle

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Healthy lifestyle means being at a healthy weight, eating healthy food, doing enough exercise, not having bad habits such as smoking, drinking alcohol etc.

 

You should start with making small changes like adding fruit to your cereals, having an extra glass of water, doing more exercises and activities like house holding chores, gardening, walking, and playing games outdoors. You should make a list of all the physical activities you do on a typical day and make another list of all the ways you could move more - getting up each hour to stretch or walk, walk the stairs, etc. Eating a healthy diet is an important part of the healthy lifestyle, too.

 

Making small changes in how you live each day can be rewarding, so do your best to be healthy today.


 

ЕКЗАМЕНАЦІЙНИЙ БІЛЕТ № 10

  Grand Canyon

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The boy is telling the story about his family trip to the Grand Canyon. At the beginning of the journey the boy was a bit confused and disappointed about the problems which would appear during the journey (driving, packing things for such a trip, getting on well with each other after being cooped up in a car together for so long).

 

On the way to the Grand Canyon they drove through Atlanta, Birmingham and several other cities including Checotah, Oklahoma, Amarillo, Texas, Santa Fe and New Mexico.

 

When they finally reached the Grand Canyon by train the boy was astonished at the immense sizes of reddish rock. After the forty eight hundred miles journey they got twenty-five postcards and many impressions to tell about through the years.

 

 


ЕКЗАМЕНАЦІЙНИЙ БІЛЕТ № 11

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Kids may invent toys from anything: from building sets, other toys, pots and pans, old clothes and broken tools, sticks and stones, string and rubber bands, plastic, wood, paper etc.

 

Teddy bears were named in honour of Theodor Roosevelt, the president of the United States, because he was a hunter and there was a cartoon showing pictures of Roosevelt with a cute little bear.

 

Yo-yo is the toy which has been known for thousands years in ancient Greece, later in England and then in the United States.

 

In 1974 Erno Rubik, a Hungarian man interested in designs, invented a puzzle cube which he called a Magic Cube. After coming up with his intricate design he was wondering how, after only a few turns, the colours became mixed in his gadget creating a unique colour parade.

 

 


 

ЕКЗАМЕНАЦІЙНИЙ БІЛЕТ № 12

Croquet & Lawn Tennis

 

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Croquet was introduced in England in 1856 and later brought to America. It was suitable for women as it required considerable skills but not much strength or technique. Earlier men and women could play croquet together as they needed little equipment and no special clothing to play this game.

 

Lawn tennis was another popular sport for middle-class women. This game was considered to be an excellent method of exercise and a useful mental and physical outlet. Men enjoyed lawn tennis too, because it was more active than croquet or archery. By 1880s it had become the rage in fashionable summer resorts.

 

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ЕКЗАМЕНАЦІЙНИЙ БІЛЕТ № 13 20 24

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The main problems concerning road transport in both Britain and the US are traffic congestion and pollution. As the number of cars on British roads is constantly increasing the British government encourages people to use public transport, but so far they have had little success. Most people say that public transport is simply not good enough.

 

Car manufacturers are now developing electric cars which will cause less pollution. Riding a bicycle and walking are the cheapest and most environmentally-friendly ways to travel. In Oxford and Cambridge bicycles are common, and many other cities now have special cycle routes or cycle lanes beside the main road. In the US bicycles are used mostly for fun or sport.

 

 

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ЕКЗАМЕНАЦІЙНИЙ БІЛЕТ № 14

 Owning Books

 

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Reading is one of the best habits people have. When you borrow a book to read it is like inviting a guest to your home. You treat it carefully trying not to make any damage to it. It's better to have your own books because you can mark your favourite passages in them and then, in later years, you will recall these moments of reading.

Collecting a private library has a lot of advantages. The books you own are like friends that are always with you. They are never asleep or away on a journey. It's a great pleasure to open a book and have a talk with the greatest minds of the world: Socrates, Shakespeare, Dumas, Dickens or Galsworthy. They wrote to you. And you open your heart to them and take the most of what your heart can take.




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