Deep- depth;

Wide- width;

Shallow- shallowness.

Short-shortness;

Lexical (lexico-semantic system) is an adaptive system adjusting itself to the changing requirements and conditions of human communication and cultural surroundings. It is in a state of constant change.

It is a coherent homogeneous whole constituted by interdependent elements of the same order related in certain specific ways.

Lexical (lexico-semantic system) is a set of elements, associated and functioning together according to certain laws.

All right, never mind, How do you do

Take a walk (to smile, to promise, to walk);

Give a smile, make a promise,

Bring- bring up, call- call on, put- put off;

Fuzzy sets (with blurred boundaries):

Phrasal verbs: give up, make up, and look after;

Formulaic expressions: All right, never mind, nothing doing;

Phraseological units:

Inconsistencies:

All right but altogether;

Lieutenant-colonel but flight lieutenant

Never mind but nevertheless.

(Word equivalents)

Functions:

· nominative,

· significative,

· communicative and

· pragmatic.

Semantic correlations (not rigid and fixed):

Narrow – narrowness;

But: long – length;

Big- size.

Functional approach:

The syntagmatic (linear) combinatorial relations: Lexical units are context -dependent.

Ex.: the hat on her head:: the head of the government (contextual meaning)

- contextual,

- valency,

- distributional (colligation, collocation),

- transformational types of analysis.

Referential (onomasiological) approach (theory of nomination):

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