I. Read the text and do the following (A. Grammar, B. Word usage, C. Word-formation)

EXERCISES

Word Combinations

Words

NOTES ON WORD-FORMATION

The verb to land was made from the noun land by means of conversion which is a very productive way of making new words in modern English.

In conversion, a new word and the one from which it is produced have the same phonetic shape but always belong to different categories or parts of speech, so that verbs may be produced from nouns or adjectives (е.g. to hand вручать; to comb причесывать; to pocket класть в карман; to pale бледнеть), nouns from verbs (е.g. break перерыв; drive поездка; find находка), etc.

The other two main ways of word-building are affix­ation (or so called derivation) and composition.

In affixation new wordsare produced with the help of af­fixes (that is suffixes and prefixes), е. g: beautiful, swimmer, unbelievable.

In composition new words are produced from two or more stems, е.g.: classroom, wall newspaper, good-for-nothing, blue-eyed, etc.

ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY (I)

break υ, n hesitate υ ruin υ, n

curl υ, n land υ ruinous adj

curled adj namesake n shock υ

curling adj nod υ, n smart (-looking) adj

curly adj pause υ, n stick υ

current a. rather adv vacant adj

drive υ, n rub υ vacancy n

driver n

in a way to break off to be willing to do smth.

to break out to stick to smth. (smb.) to break the record

to be down and out to break with to commit suicide

to curl one's lip to drive at to curl up

on account of to drive up (away) to be taken aback

to drive smb. mad to shrug one's shoulders to make a pause

to have bad (good) luck to rub one's hands (together)

to rum up to bring smb. (smth.) to ruin

A. 1. Pick out from the text all the irregular verbs and give their four forms. 2. Search the text for - ing -forms and classify them according to their functions in the sentences. 3. Mark all the cases of Sequence of Tenses in the text and comment on them (explain the rules). 4. Select sentences with the verb go used as a link verb; what other verbs can be used in the same function?

B. 1. Pick out from the text words and phrases describing appearance. 2. Tick off all introductory phrases used by Bur­ton; use them in sentences of your own. 3. Pick out all the sentences with the word rather and translate them into Rus­sian. 4. Paraphrase all the sentences with the verb get.

C. 1. Pick out from the text all compound words and identify their type. 2. Construct some compounds modelling them after well-dressed and smart-looking. 3. Search the text for verbs and nouns formed by means of conversion.

II. Translate in writing three paragraphs from the text: 1) the first paragraph, 2) the paragraph beginning with "He didn't move" and 3) the paragraph from "Swim!" up to "Suddenly I had an idea".

Read the translation in class and discuss it with your fellow-students.

III. a) Transcribe these words:

handsome, well-dressed, quarter, experience, lose, sui­cide, pausing, current, aback, shoulder, drowned.

b) Transcribe and explain the rules of reading these words:

wild, rather, curl, pawn, pass, constitution, dissipation, beacon, question, half, vacancy, poker, trifle.

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