Other Groups

Pregnant or Breastfeeding Women

Pregnant or breastfeeding women should talk with their doctor before using any medicine. Some can affect your baby. The following are some general guidelines.

Pregnancy

- Acetaminophen is generally considered safe for short-term pain relief during pregnancy.

- Avoid using during pregnancy. It can cause abnormalities in the baby or problems during delivery.

- Avoid using other NSAIDs, especially during the third trimester of pregnancy. They can cause heart abnormalities in the baby.

Breastfeeding

- Acetaminophen and NSAIDs such as ibuprofen provide safe relief for women who are breastfeeding.

- Avoid using aspirin because it is excreted in breast milk and can cause rashes and bleeding problems in nursing infants.

- Limit long-term use of antihistamines. Antihistamines are excreted in breast milk, and may cause side effects such as sedation, irritability, crying, and sleep disturbances in nursing infants.

Antihistamines may also interfere with the production of milk.

General Tips

These steps can help minimize the risk of side effects during pregnancy and breastfeeding:

- talk to your doctor about possible alternatives to medicine.

- Avoid the use of medications during the first trimester.

- take oral medications after nursing or before the infant’s longest sleep period.

- Avoid the use of extra-strength, maximum-strength, or long-acting medications.

- Avoid “combination” products.

- Watch your infant for possible side effects, such as a rash, difficulty breathing, headache or other symptoms that your child didn’t have before taking the medicine.

People with health problems such as kidney disease, heart disease, diabetes, asthma, blood clotting disorders, or gout may be at increased risk of side effects associated with OTC medicines.

Exercise 1. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the verbs used with Complex Subject.

1. Expectorants, on the other hand, are thought to thin mucus and make coughing more productive in clearing the mucus from the airway.

2. These problems can range from upset stomach to GI bleeding, a serious event that is more likely to occur in older people.

3. Although safe in the majority of users, long-term use of high doses of acetaminophen, especially in products that also contain caffeine (such as Excedrin) or codeine (such as Tylenol with Codeine), has been shown to cause a form of kidney disease called analgesic nephropathy.

4. Acetaminophen is much less likely than NSAIDs to be associated with GI problems, including bleeding.

5. Some groups of people may be particularly liable to have the side effects associated with OTC products.

6. Children who are allergic to aspirin are likely to have problems using ibuprofen.

7. Antihistamines proved to be excreted in breast milk and may cause side-effects such as sedation, irritability, crying, and sleep disturbances in nursing infants.

8. Aspirin during pregnancy happen to cause abnormalities in the baby or problems during delivery.

9. Acetaminophen is generally considered to be safe for short-term pain relief during pregnancy.

10. Aspirin and NSAIDs turn out to make high blood pressure worse or interfere with blood pressure medicines.

11. Codeine, when used as a cough suppressant is expected to cause nausea, sedation and constipation.

12. Pseudoephedrine has been described to cause nervousness, dizziness and sleeplessness.

Exercise 2. Explain the following.

a medication log; double dosing, OTC drugs, NSAIDs, Reye’s syndrome (гепатоцеребральный синдром: внезапный отек головного мозга в сочетании с жировым перерождением печени и почечных канальцев у детей после инфекции верхних дыхательных путей), brand name, combination products.

Exercise 3. Answer the questions.

Pain relievers

1. What medicines are called OTC?

2. What are some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs?

3. How do Aspirin and NSAIDs and acetaminophen relieve pain?

4. In what way do antihistamines work? What are their types?

5. What are decongestants used for? Name decongestant which is used as OTC product.

6. What are the main types of cough medicines?

7. Name a common antitusive.

8. What are expectorants used for? Give the example of an OTC expectorant.

Common cold

9. How common cold is treated?

10. Which OTC medicines are recommended in case of:

a) runny nose;

b) stopped nose;

c) dry cough;

d) moist, productive cough;

e) fatigue, mild sore throat.

OTC Drug label

11. Why is it necessary to read and understand the information on the drug label?

12. What information does an OTC drug label contain?

Potential side effects

13. What category of population can OTC medicines pose risk of side effects to?

14. What are GI problems associated with aspirin and NSAIDs?

15. What side effects can NSAIDs and aspirin cause?

16. What is analgesic nephropathy and in what case may this condition develop?

17. Name the main side-effects of antihistamines, decongestants and cough medicines.

18. When may side-effects for each drug become greater?

Alcohol and OTC medicine

19. What are the main recommendation for those who consume alcoholic leverages and use NSAIDs, antihistamine decongestants and cough medicines?

Special groups log

20. What groups of people are particularly liable to have the side-effects associated with OTC medicines?

21. How OTC drugs may affect children?

22. What is the usefulness of a medication log?

23. What should the elderly pay careful attention to?

24. What side-effects may occur in the elderly while taking NSAIDs, Pseudoephedrine, MAOI?

25. Why should pregnant or breastfeeding women talk with their doctor before using any medicine?

26. What medicines should be avoided by pregnant and breastfeeding women?

27. What should be done to minimize the risk of side effects during pregnancy and breastfeeding?

Translate the texts using a dictionary.

Дата добавления: 2015-01-03