КАТЕГОРИИ: Архитектура-(3434)Астрономия-(809)Биология-(7483)Биотехнологии-(1457)Военное дело-(14632)Высокие технологии-(1363)География-(913)Геология-(1438)Государство-(451)Демография-(1065)Дом-(47672)Журналистика и СМИ-(912)Изобретательство-(14524)Иностранные языки-(4268)Информатика-(17799)Искусство-(1338)История-(13644)Компьютеры-(11121)Косметика-(55)Кулинария-(373)Культура-(8427)Лингвистика-(374)Литература-(1642)Маркетинг-(23702)Математика-(16968)Машиностроение-(1700)Медицина-(12668)Менеджмент-(24684)Механика-(15423)Науковедение-(506)Образование-(11852)Охрана труда-(3308)Педагогика-(5571)Полиграфия-(1312)Политика-(7869)Право-(5454)Приборостроение-(1369)Программирование-(2801)Производство-(97182)Промышленность-(8706)Психология-(18388)Религия-(3217)Связь-(10668)Сельское хозяйство-(299)Социология-(6455)Спорт-(42831)Строительство-(4793)Торговля-(5050)Транспорт-(2929)Туризм-(1568)Физика-(3942)Философия-(17015)Финансы-(26596)Химия-(22929)Экология-(12095)Экономика-(9961)Электроника-(8441)Электротехника-(4623)Энергетика-(12629)Юриспруденция-(1492)Ядерная техника-(1748) |
Perspectives for conservation and exploitation of aquatic bioresources of the Caspian Basin
Lesson 14
1. Pronounce correctly:
2. Read the words. Define the part of speech. Give the corresponding verb form:
implementation utilization conservation participation organization formation production protection construction realization determination
3. Master the words.
prognosticating – прогнозирование elaborate – разрабатывать deteriorate - ухудшать; портить; повреждать halting - пресечение breeder – производитель juvenile – молодь brood stock – маточное стадо implementation – реализация regional catch quotas – региональное квотирование уловов flow – сток spawning grounds – нерестилище
4. Read the words and put down their Russian equivalents:
legal regime ________________________________________ implementation of measures _____________________________ rational utilization of bioresources _________________________ guidance of the author ___________________________________ the Trade Scientific Productional Center "BIOS" ________________
5. Add suffix –less. Translate the words.
weight power sight rest
6. Read the text and define the meaning of new words. Translate the text.
The questions of prognosticating and defining the main directions of development of resources, industry and pond fish farming are constantly elaborated by the institute taking into consideration current changes in environmental conditions and implementation of measures planned. At the same time, trends of fisheries development, and its main indices are determined; ways and means of implementation and measures on industry stabilizing and growth are planned. In order to define perspectives of fisheries development under modern ecological and geopolitical conditions "The Concept for conservation and rational utilization of bioresources of the Caspian basin including its legal regime and other factors" was elaborated at the institute under the guidance of the author with the participation of fisheries organizations of the basin. It considers the following: - current ecological situation in the basin and its influence on formation of biological and fish productivity; - assessment of present state of stocks and catch prognosis of commercial bioresources; - importance of natural reproduction and enhancement of commercially valuable species; - proposals to increase fish productivity of the inner water bodies in the Lower Volga and development of marketable fish production; - organization of fishing and protection of fish stocks;
- recommendations and measures on conservation and rational utilization of resources in the basin; - perspectives for development of fishing and processing sectors. The sea level rise, the extension of its area caused the increase of reproductive effectiveness of semi-anadromous fish. The growth trend is observed in adult fish as well. Average catches of vobla, small and la ordinary fish, in the Northern Caspian during that period, increased from 67.1 up to 69.1 thousand tons, although fishery conditions deteriorated significantly due to the sea level rise as well as accuracy of reporting of fish harvested. At present, commercial stocks of semi-anadromous and freshwater fish are assessed as 300-400 thousand tons. In food resources of Caspian kilka (zooplankton) there were no considerable changes. During the recent years the level of the kilka stocks stabilized. Kilka stock in the Middle Caspian allows the harvest of 70-80 thousand tons annually. As it was mentioned above, sturgeon resources are in a precarious condition. Biomass of spawning part of sturgeon population in the Volga declined by 9 times from 1981 to 1996. In 1997 the official catch was 1.22 thousand tons in the Volga. Totally in the basin (including Iran) the legal catch of sturgeon declined down to 1.85 thousand tons. In recent years Iran harvested about 1.5 thousand tons. Caviar production in Russia declined from 1016 tons in 1989 down to 82 tons in 1996. In 1997 sturgeons were included in Appendix II of Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). The strict international control over export of caviar in volumes determined according 10 scientifically based limits, halting its illegal export abroad, would probably decrease the extent of poaching in the Caspian. The urgent measures on sturgeon conservation are: to stop poaching; to allow sturgeon to their spawning grounds; to increase production of juveniles at the fish farms, construction of vessels for transporting juveniles into the sea (50% of production), to prevent pollution of the sea and rivers by industrial and agricultural discharge and oil products. Realization of those measures is possible only under united efforts of all Caspian states and signing of the Agreement on conservation and exploitation of bioresources of the Caspian Sea. It will allow maintaining sturgeon catches on level 1 -1.5 thousand tons in the nearest years. Without taking effective measures moratorium on sturgeon fishing is inevitable. In 1994 on the basis of Ikryaninskiy sturgeon fish farm the Trade Scientific Productional Center "BIOS" on marketable sturgeon production was established. Its main tasks are the creation of sturgeon brood stock and providing stocking material for the fish farms. The federal program of development of sturgeon farming for the period until 2010 (Osetr-2010) obliged "BIOS" to grow marketable sturgeon in volume of 1000 tons per year and production of sturgeon juveniles for sale - up to 6.0 million pieces by 2000. Implementation of measures envisaged by the Concept and realization of the program "Osetr-2010" could provide the annual catch and sturgeon production at a volume of 2.5-3.0 thousand tones in the Caspian basin by the year 2010. Implementation of all measures proposed on formation of bioresources and intensification of fishing would allow harvest of commercial species in a volume of 232.5 thousand tons in 2010.
The main directions of a strategy on conservation of bioresources of the Caspian Sea for a short and long term perspective are: - determination of international legal rules of fisheries management in the basin providing agreed measures on protection and enhancement of bioresources; - regional catch quotas based on assessment of contribution of states to the formation of commercial stocks; - conservation of ecosystem of the sea under conditions of escalation of hydrocarbon extraction; - elimination of wide-scaled illegal fishing of sturgeon that destroyed their stocks; - improvement of fishing regime aimed at optimal passage of breeders to their spawning grounds; - regulating the Volga flow according to fisheries schedule allowing natural reproduction (and conservation of gene pool) of sturgeons and other commercial species of the basin; - increase of scale of rearing juveniles of sturgeon, salmon and other commercially valuable species, utilization-of methods to increase their commercial return (transportation of juveniles to their feeding grounds, growing in marine zone, etc.); - search for ways to raise sea productivity through acclimatization of new food organisms and perspective commercial species. At the same time, changes in fisheries infrastructure and implementation of a number of technical measures on rational utilization of bioresources are necessary: - elaboration of selective fishing methods for shallow water sea zone excluding by-catch of non commercial part of sturgeon and other fish populations; - creation of shallow-water fishing fleet for mobile work in coastal areas with high concentration of marine and migratory fish (herring, mullet, common carp and others); - construction of new vessels for kilka fishing with side lift nets and "drifting anchor" to utilize bioresources optimally; - organization of kilka fishing in the Middle Caspian.
7. Answer the questions:
1. What are the main directions of development of resources, industry and pond fish farming? 2. What does "The Concept for conservation and rational utilization of bioresources of the Caspian basin including its legal regime and other factors" consider? 3. The sea level rise caused the increase of reproductive effectiveness of semi-anadromous fish, didn't it? 4. When was the sturgeon fish farm «BIOS» established? 5. What are the main tasks of «BIOS»? 6. What are the main directions of a strategy on conservation of bioresources of the Caspian Sea? 7. How can we change fishing methods?
8. Give Russian equivalents to these words and word combinations:
ways and means of implementation, define perspectives of fisheries development, under the guidance of, natural reproduction, the inner water bodies, rational utilization, semi-anadromous, Caspian kilka, a precarious condition, harvested, inevitable, wide-scaled illegal fishing of sturgeon, improvement of fishing regime, scale of rearing juveniles of sturgeon.
9. Find the English equivalents to these words and word combinations:
основные направления, геополитические условия, правовой режим, прогноз уловов промысловых биоресурсов, рыбодобывающая и перерабатывающая промышленности, подъем уровня моря, значительно, биомасса, под угрозой исчезновения, промышленные и сельскохозяйственные стоки, объединение усилий, развитие товарного осетроводства, интенсификация, нелегальный промысел, новые кормовые организмы, ботовой подхват, плавучий якорь, морские и проходные рыбы, естественное воспроизводство.
10. Open the brackets using the correct tense form.
1. The total stock of commercially valuable fish (to exceed) 1 million ton. 2. Changes in fisheries infrastructure (to be) necessary. 3. The extension of the sea area (to cause) the increase of reproductive effectiveness of semi-anadromous fish. 4. As it (to mention) above, sturgeon resources are in a precarious condition. 5. Desalination of sea (to take place) and (to contribute) to increasing food base for the main commercial species.
11. Correct the English translation of the text:
Дата добавления: 2014-12-26; Просмотров: 538; Нарушение авторских прав?; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы! Нам важно ваше мнение! Был ли полезен опубликованный материал? Да | Нет |