Read these pairs of words. State what principles of vowel classification they illustrate

Seminar 3

State which of the pairs illustrate a) forelingual vs. mediolingual and b) forelingual vs. backlingual oppositions.

tame — came sinner — singer sung — young

less — yes bitter — bicker bat — back

rudder — rugger clue — cue day — gay

drew — due bad — bag rung — young

21. State what classificatory principles can be illustrated by the pairs
of words given below (consonants opposed initially).

pie — bye

been — dean

pole — coal

fell — well

fee — he

sole — role

pity — city

pine — mine

debt — net

tail — veil

those — rose

fail — sail

22. Transcribe these words. Underline /ŋ/ with a single line, /ŋɡ/ with two lines.

bring, lungs, England, singular, anything else, nothing of the kind, willingly, taking it, mingled, sleeping, thing, hungry, fishing, morning, driving on, longer, younger, getting on, spring, seeing a friend off, clasping in both hands

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Articulatory and Physiological Classification
of English Vowels

1. Answer the following questions:

1. Why do phoneticians distinguish three groups of vowels according
to the stability of articulation?

2. What characteristics do all front vowels have in common that is differing them from the back vowels?

3. What is the difference between front and front-retracted vowels?

4. What is the difference between back and back-advanced vowels?

5. What makes central and front vowels different?

6. What characteristic makes close vowels unlike mid and open ones?

7. What’s the difference between free and checked vowels?

8. What are the two types of vowels according to the degree of tenseness?

9. How do different phonetic contexts modify vowel length in English?

10. What is the difference between closing and centring diphthongs?

11. Describe the system of cardinal vowels.

2. Give the definition of the terms:

Vowel sound, monophthong, diphthong, diphthongoid, front vowels, front-retracted vowels, central vowels, back vowels, back-advanced vowels, close (high) vowels, open (low) vowels, mid vowels, rounded vowels, tense vowels,
lax vowels, checked vowels, unchecked vowels.

3. Give examples to prove that voiceless vowels exist in English and
in Russian.

4. Define the vowels /ɒ/, /ɪ/, /ɜ:/, /ʌ/ according to the following principles of classification: a) stability of articulation, b) tongue position, c) lip position, d) degree of tenseness, e) length.

5. What vowels are characterized as:

a) front, high; __________________________

b) back, diphthongoid; __________________________

c) central, long; __________________________

d) central, low; __________________________

e) back-advanced, unrounded __________________________

6. Denote general characteristic features referring to the following vowels:

a) /u:/, /ʊ/, /ɔ:/, /ɒ/;

b) /i:/, /ɪ/, /e/, /æ/;

c) /ɜ:/, /ʌ/;

d) /e/, /ɔ:/, /ʌ/;

e) /eə/, /ɪə/, /ʊə/;

f) /eɪ/, /əʊ/, /aɪ/, /aʊ/, /ɔɪ/.

a) cod — cord b) end — and c) fir — for

not — nought ten — tan firm — form

cot — caught hem — ham turn — torn

body — border kettle — cattle bird — bord

d) fool — full e) am — aim f) nor — no

pool — pull add — aid law — low

food — put man — main called — cold

tool — took lad — laid bald — bold

boot — book fat — fate caught — coat

8. Transcribe these words. Read them. Observe positional length
of the vowel /i:/.

a) see, we, tree, be, me, he, fee;

b) seem, read, clean, seen, deal, people, easily;

c) cheep, sweep, chief, treat, least, creek, week

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9. Fill in the table and the vowel trapezium:

	Front	Front- retracted	Central	Back- advanced	Back
Close (high)	Narrow Variation
Broad Variation
Mid	Narrow Variation
Broad Variation
Open (low)	Narrow Variation
Broad Variation

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