Ex.1. Перепишите предложения, поставив глагол в указанную видовременную форму, и переведите их.

В А Р И А Н Т 4

Ex.12. Составьте предложения из двух подходящих по смыслу частей и переведите полученные высказывания.

Ex.10. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1 и 2 абзацы текста.

Ex.11. Ответьте на поставленные вопросы, выбрав правильный вариант(ы).

1) How long did the Great Depression last?

a) about 8 years

b) about 10 years

c) about 12 years

2) What did the stock market crash result in?

a) businesses closed and banks failed

b) the value of most shares fell and many people lost everything they owned

c) wages and salaries increased sharply

3) Why did the U.S. financial collapse lead to collapses of other economies?

a) because in the 20^th century, most of the world’s industrial countries had become

economically dependent on one another

b) because branches and subsidiaries of American enterprises were located in all countries of

the world at that time

c) because the U.S. was the major creditor and financier of postwar Europe

4) How did countries try to protect domestic production?

a) companies were strictly forbidden to engage in import/export business

b) protective tariffs and quotas were imposed

c) many enterprises were closed down

5) How many people were unemployed in the USA at the time of the Great Depression?

a) about 25 percent of the labor force

b) about 50 percent of the labor force

c) about 75 per cent of the labor force

6) When did the depression end in the USA?

a) when Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected President of the U.S.

b) when the ‘New Deal’ was adopted

c) when World War II began

1) The longest economic depression in a) to bring about major changes in the

the history of the Western world… structure of the U.S. economy.

2) The U.S. financial collapse led to… b) had been reduced in half.

3) Tuesday, October 29, 1929 was called c) regulating economic activity and in

Black Tuesday as… ensuring economic stability.

4) By 1932, United States industrial output… d) began with the New York Stock Market

Crash.

5) The Great Depression caused such massive e) collapses of other economies, especially

unemployment, poverty and hunger… those of Germany and Britain.

6) The main aim of the New Deal was… f) on that day, more than 16 million shares

were sold.

7) After the Great Depression, governments g) that had never been known in the USA

began to play a principal role in… before.

1) The approval of the new tax law [ to cause – Present Perfect Active] considerable discontent in commercial circles.

2) At the end of the 20^th century, the unemployment [ to grow – Past Continuous Active] rapidly not only in the countries of the Third World but also in economically developed countries.

3) Nowadays, employees [ to pay – Present Indefinite Passive] either in cash or by check, but direct payments into the employee’s bank account [ to become – Present Continuous Active] more and more popular.

4) Twenty new workers [ to hire – Past Indefinite Passive] for temporary job after the company [ to receive – Past Perfect Active] the rush and heavy order for the delivery of their products into one of the developing countries.

5) In Norway, both the euro and the national currency, the crown, [ to use – Present Continuous Passive] in circulation now.

Ex.2. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление эквивалентов модальных глаголов to be allowed to, to be able to, to be to, to have to. Подчеркните эквиваленты модальных глаголов и соответствующие им варианты перевода.

1) Only certified public accountants are allowed to estimate the accuracy of a company’s financial statements.

2) In order to avoid risks, investors have to assess the likely future returns from their investments in advance.

3) With the beginning of “perestroika” in this country, a number of enterprises were not able to adjust to new economic conditions. Some of them went bankrupt; others had to be closed down because they were unprofitable.

4) Domestic firms are to raise efficiency of their production because international trade increases competition among producers.

5) Some economists think that such rapidly developingAsian countries as China and Taiwan will be able to overtake the USA in the production of high-tech equipment in the nearest future.

Ex.3. Выберите модальный глагол или его эквивалент из предложенных вариантов. Предложения перепишите и переведите.

1) Until the 19^th century, people могли travel freely between most countries without a passport.

a) was allowed to b) were to c) were able to d) may

2) Part of the company’s profits должна be put into the business development.

a) is to b) shall have to c) is allowed to d) were to

3) I hope that our company сможет compete with the larger manufacturers.

a) will have to b) can c) will be allowed to d) will be able to

4) If you want to quit the job, you должен give a month’s notice.

a) may b) have to c) could d) is able to

5) Exchange rate is the price at which you можешь buy and sell foreign currency.

a) could b) are to c) had to d) can

Ex.4. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на способы перевода герундия [Gerund] .

1) Consumers have already appreciated the convenience of buying expensive durable goods such as cars, TV sets or washing machines on credit terms.

2) Boom is a period of intense business activity when a growth of demand for all the commodities results in increasing industrial production.

3) Under conditions of hyperinflation, withdrawing national currency from circulation and issuing a new monetary unit is the only possible decision.

4) In translating the terms ‘counterfeiting’ and ‘forgery’, one should take into consideration that there is a slight difference between them.

Counterfeiting means making false money, securities, and, sometimes, consumer products. Forgery means falsifying documents such as checks, passports, driver's licenses, credit cards, birth certificates, Social Security cards, wills, theater tickets, or identification cards.

Ex.5. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значения ing- формы. Подчеркните Participle I одной чертой, Gerund – двумя.

1) Before manufacturing a new product and putting it on sales, market research should be carried out. Marketing system is used not only for introducing new products in the market but for increasing sales of an existing product as well.

2) The company’s manager makes many important decisions concerning hiring and firing employees, distributing duties among them, evaluating the company’s activities.

3) Taking into account the company’s high reputation among businesspersons, the creditors have agreed to its paying the debt in a month.

4) The International Monetary Fund was set up during the World War II with the aim of encouraging economic cooperation between the countries in the post-war period.

5) The number of students specializing in finance, credit and accountancy is constantly growing in this country.

Ex.6. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значения ed- формы.

1) Canada is known throughout the world for its rich natural resources and for the great amount of grain raised by its farms, but it ismanufacturing industries that employ more people than agriculture, mining, forestry, and fishing combined.

2) A place where coins are minted according to exact compositions, weights, and dimensions, usually specified by law is called a mint.

3) Gross Domestic Product is the total market value of goods and services produced within a country during some period, usually one year.

4) The Copyright Act adopted by the US Congress in 1976 created the legal foundation for protecting the work of many industries, for example music recording industry, motion picture industry, book publishing industry, etc.

5) The first minimum wage in the U.S. enacted by Massachusetts in 1912 applied only to women.

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