Isoform-specific regulation of adenylyl cyclases

SAC present throughout the cytoplasm and in organelles such as mitochondria, nucleus, mid-bodies and centrioles define other microdomains. Additional regulation might involve the movement of sAC between compartments.

TmAC cAMP signaling occurs in response to various extracellular ligands and it requires modulation by G-Protein coupled receptors and heterotrimeric G-protein. The most widely described tmAC-dependent microdomain occurs at the cell membrane, but additional intracellular tmAC-dependent microdomains occur in endosomes after internalization.

Regulator	Effect	AC subtype	References
G protein
Gs	Stimulation	All isoforms	Iyengar 1993
Gi	Inhibition	ACI, AC5, AC6; not AC2	Taussig et al. 1993a; Federman et al. 1992; Chen and Iyengar 1993; Taussig et al. 1994
Gßγ	Inhibition	AC1, AC5, AC6	Taussig et al. 1993b; Bayewitch et al. 1998
Stimulation	AC2, AC4; conditional AC5, AC6	Tang and Gilman 1991; Gao and Gilman 1991; Gao et al. 2007
Forskolin	Stimulation	All isoforms (including AC9)	Onda et al. 2001; Premont et al. 1996; Cumbay and Watts 2004
Calcium/calmodulin
Ca^2+/CaM	Stimulation	AC1, AC3, AC8	Tang et al. 1991; Choi et al. 1992; Cali et al. 1994
Ca^2+	Inhibition	AC5, AC6	Yoshimura and Cooper 1992; Katsushika et al. 1992
Kinase regulation
PKC	Stimulation	AC1, AC2, AC3, AC5, AC7	Jacobowitz et al. 1993; Jacobowitz and Iyengar 1994; Bol et al. 1997; Kawabe et al. 1994; Watson et al. 1994
Inhibition	AC6	Lai et al. 1997
PKA	Inhibition	AC5, AC6	Iwami et al. 1995; Chen et al. 1997
CaM kinase	Inhibition	AC1, AC3	Wayman et al. 1996; Wei et al. 1996
Raf kinase	Stimulation	AC2, AC5, AC6	Ding et al. 2004

Дата добавления: 2014-01-14