Communicative types of sentences. Syntagmatic connections of words

SYNTAGMATIC CONNECTIONS OF WORDS

SYNTAX OF THE PHRASE.

LECTURE 7

No personal records argument

Oxfordians argue that there is no definitive record of Shakespeare of Stratford (1564-1616) being directly credited with writing the plays and sonnets credited to him. Oxfordian's point out that only seven years after the Bard's death was he directly credited as the author of 37 plays and 154 sonnets in the 1623 First Folio.

The eulogies argument whereby Shakespeare received none when he died in 1616, suggests he could not have been the influential playwright Stratfordian's claim him to be. The first such memorial dedication occurred in the First Folio of 1616.

The past tense argument: Barksted’s poem Mirrha

A major argument of Oxfordians is William Barksted's 1607 poem Mirrha, which referred to the Bard in the past tense. This suggests William must have died before this date.

SENTENCE: GENERAL. ACTUAL DIVISION OF THE SENTENCE.

1. The phrase as a polynominative lingual unit. The correlation of the phrase with the word, and the sentence. The problem of definition of the phrase.

2. Notional, formative and functional phrases. Equipotent and dominational connections between the phrase constituents. Categorial agreement, government, prepositional government, adjoining, enclosure.

3. The classification of phrases according to part-of-speech, functional and positional criteria.

4. The sentence as the main communicative unit of syntax.

5. Predication as a fundamental distinguishing feature of the sentence.

6. The notion of actual division of the sentence.

7. The basic communicative types of sentences. The classification of utterance types by Ch. Fries. The problem of the exclamatory sentence type.

8. Intermediary (mixed) communicative types of sentences.

9. The pragmatic communicative types of the sentence: classification of speech acts.

Key terms: - phrase, word-combination, syntagmatic groupings of words, polynominative lingual unit, polydenoteme (monodenoteme), ‘minor syntax’, ‘major syntax’, notional phrase, formative phrase, functional phrase, equipotent (paratactic) and dominational (hypotactic) connections, consecutive equipotent (coordinative proper) and cumulative equipotent connections, dominational consecutive (subordinative proper) and dominational cumulative connections, kernel (kernel element, key/head word), adjunct, monolateral/bilateral domination, agreement, government (prepositional/non - prepositional), adjoining, enclosure, regressive and progressive phrases.

- predicative lingual unit, predication (syntactic modality), the category of modality, nominalization, intonational arrangement, sentence models, utterance, nominative (syntactic, grammatical) division of the sentence.

- informative value, informative perspective, actual division (functional analysis, communicative analysis), theme (“basis”), rheme (“nucleus”, “peak” of communication), logical analysis of proposition (logical subject, logical predicate), direct (unmarked) actual division, inverted (reverse, marked) actual division, inverted word order.

- purpose of communication, declarative, interrogative and imperative communicative types, non-communicative utterances, exclamatory sentence, open rheme, basic and intermediary (mixed) communicative types, indirect questions, rhetorical questions, “theory of speech acts”, pragmatic utterance types (performatives, constatives, promissives, etc.), indirect speech acts.

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