The concept and features of the state

Political regime

Form of government (territorial) devices

Form of government

The concept and features of the state

UNIT 1. THE CONCEPT OF THE STATE

The state is a concept of political science public law, is a community of persons, more or less numerous, permanently occupying a definite portion of territory, independent, nearly so, of external control and possessing an organized government to which the great body of inhabitants render habitual obedience. It is considered to be the best definition of the state.

State is released from the society and the resulting socio- economic structure, political traditions, political and spiritual culture, the political organization of sovereign public authority. Originating as a product of the empirical life of society, the state does not coincide with the public and is in relation to it the control system. This system has its own internal logic of development, a clear structural organization (which was perfected over thousands of years), and the specific mechanism of interaction between structural elements. Thus, the state - self-contained, open system, with its own essence, content and form.

Another sign of the state in accordance with the scientific tradition is its territorial organization. State territory - the space that is subject to its jurisdiction. Territory usually has a special division called administrative-territorial. This is done for ease of management. In the process of becoming the first territorial division of the population, which began in the social division of labor is transformed into administrative territorial. Against this background, a new public institution - citizenship. As soon as there is administrative-territorial division, begins to take shape territorial structure of public authorities: there are central and local authorities. This, in turn, causes formation of the individual countries. Consequently, if such a feature of the state, as a sovereign, public authority, "highlights" the specifics of the state in terms of its socio- political entity, the spread of public authority on a territorial basis characterizes it in a specific form of organization of public power unit. In this incarnation of his state serves as the political organization of the population.

Another sign of the state are taxes. Taxes is the material basis of the state and its organs - money collected from individuals and legal entities to ensure the activities of public authorities, social support for the poor, etc. Indeed, to enable the state to fulfill its purpose as an integrating force society to coordinate the diverse social and political processes taking place in society (to regulate the economy, contain the state apparatus, the army, the police, the judiciary, the prison system, to maintain the system of education, science, culture and other state other social programs to protect the environment, etc.) power apparatus needs cash. Therefore, in all countries an effective instrument of government regulation are taxes, fees, government contracts, standards, state tariffs and other coercive benevolence, size, timing and procedure for collecting are defined in legal acts. In the tax parameters are expressed economically existence of the state as a political and legal organization of society.

The state has one specific feature that is not attached to any other socio- political institution. Legal system - a legal "skeleton" of the state. State and its institutions, the power enshrined in the law and act based on the law and legal means. Only the state represented by the relevant authorities, which are listed by name in the current Constitution of the State, may make laws and other legal acts of the highest force with respect to all other acts (contracts, agreements concluded by individuals and legal entities, non-governmental organizations). Legislation - a key lever for achieving the objectives. Facing public authorities. This - the establishment of certain dictated features state and social structure of each country, normative regulation of volitional, conscious relationship of citizens with each other and the state of public and public bodies and organizations.

The most important element or characteristic of the state is sovereignty. Sovereignty means supreme power or ultimate authority against which there can be no appeal. Externally, the state claims final and absolute authority. It is independent of any foreign control.

Internally, the state is supreme over all of its citizens and associations within its jurisdiction. Each individual within the state must submit to its will obediently.

In the literature there is a form of division of the state into internal and external. Under the external form is understood the structure of state bodies as a tangible expression of the public authority (usually this role to display State used another term - the mechanism of the state, which is the most common).

In the internal form traditionally divided into three main structural elements:

1. Form of government;

2. Form of government (territorial) devices;

3. Political regime.

Дата добавления: 2014-10-17