Text-based exercises. Equipment under contract NO. 184/115

EQUIPMENT UNDER CONTRACT No.184/115

We are sorry to have to inform you that in consignment of equipment we have received against the above Contract there are several broken cases and some machines are damaged.

We are sending you the report signed by our inspectors from which you will see the extent of the damage.

Also, we would like to draw your attention to a fortnight’s delay in shipping the machines. This is an infringement of Clause 4 of the Contract which, you may well see, also stipulates payment by the Supplier of damages in case of delay in delivery.

So we ask you to transfer to our account the sum of the penalty and to strictly observe the terms of the Contract in future.

We hope to hear from you soon.

Yours faithfully,

Ukrmashimport

Exercise III. Answer the following questions to check your understanding of the text:

1. When do complaints and claims usually arise?

2. In what cases do the Sellers take the goods back?

3. Should any complaint be dealt with promptly?

4. How should you open the replies to letters of complaints?

Exercise VI. Give English equivalents of the following words and word combinations:

Підстава для скарг, переплутати товари, дві сторони контракту, пояснення, з’ясовувати, забрати назад товар, висловлювати надію, скаржитися, бути в добрих стосунках, спеціальна знижка в ціні, уникати повторення аварії, дослідження.

Exercise V. Study some synonyms to the verbs from the text:

Claim – ask, call for, collect, demand, insist, maintain, need, require, uphold.

Cause – bring about, create, effect, generate, induce, lead to, produce, result in.

Exercise VI. Translate and say what the difference in meaning between each pair of sentences is.

To receive, to accept

1. We have received the May shipment. We have accepted the May shipment.

2. The consignee received the invoice. The consignee accepted the invoice.

3. Please inform us if you have received the samples. Please inform us if you have accepted the samples.

4. The exhibitors received the invitation last week. The exhibitors accepted the invitation last week.

Exercise VII. Supply the prepositions and translate the sentences:

1. The bulk of the goods delivered is not __________ to sample (on, by, with, up).

2. Although the quality of the goods is not_________ to sample, we are prepared to accept them if you reduce the price _________ 12% (by, up, on, for, with).

3. We much regret that we have to complain __________ the insufficient packing (for, by, up, about).

4. This is not the first time we have to complain _____________ delay in delivery (at, for, of, in).

5. We hope to hear _____ you _______ telex that the consignment is _________ its way (from, on, at, with, about, by).

6. As the delay ____________ delivery has lasted ________ six weeks, in accordance _____ clause 4 _____________ the Contract you will have to pay us damages (over, by, in, at, with, of).

Exercise VIII. Match the English equivalents and the Ukrainian terms:

Особа до якої переходить право власності Особа, яку наймають на роботу Адресат оферти Вантажоодержувач Векселеотримувач Жиратор Довірчий власник Заставоутримувач Здобувач інвестицій Кредитор за зобов’язанням Орендатор Одержувач за дорученням Одержувач платежу Особа, у якої беруть інтерв’ю Уповноважений агент

Offeree   Consignee Assignee Grantee Employee Investee Lesee Endorsee Nominee Trustee Payee Interviewee Drawee Mortgagee Obligee

Grammar: Modals + Perfect Infinitive

Cполучення must + Perfect Infinitive виражає припущення, що дія відбулася в минулому She must have caught cold Вона, напевно, застудилася  

Сполучення could + Perfect Infinitive вказує на те, що дія, яка мала відбутися, не відбулася You could have bought this book; it was on sale Ти міг купити цю книжку; вона була на розпродажу

Перфектний інфінітив після might вказує на те, що дія, яка могла б відбутися, не відбулася I might have stayed at home Мені, мабуть, треба було залишитися вдома

Сполучення should і ought + Perfect Infinitive означає, що дія, бажана на думку того, хто говорить, не відбулася You should have sent her to school Вам слід було послати її до школи  

Exercise IX. Find “ modals + Perfect Infinitive ” and translate into Ukrainian:

1. Some mistakes must have been made in assembling the parts of the machine.

2. The pressure of the ice must have caused considerable damage to the vessel’s hull.

3. If the steamer had not been delayed at the port of loading, she could have reached Odessa by February.

4. The Seller stated that the goods ought to have been examined at the port of loading.

5. The expert admits that the goods may have been damaged in transit.

6. The agents telegraphed to the shippers that the steamer might have arrived in Odessa on May.

7. They needn’t have sent the telegram.

8. The manufacturers should have told us about the price for the goods.

Exercise X. Study some English proverbs and explain them:

1. You must have come out of the ark.

2. You made your bed, and you must lie on it.

3. You cannot sell the cow and drink the milk.

4. Where the river is deepest it makes least noise.

5. Promises are like piecrust, made to be broken.

Exercise XI. Complete the sentences using the most suitable prepositions. Sometimes more than one answer is possible:

through; across; up; down; in; round; between; along; to; opposite; in front of; next to; from; at; towards; behind; over; past; off

1. What’s that you’ve tied … your waist?

2. I was sitting … the driver in the back seat of the car.

3. A tall man was sitting … me at the cinema and I couldn’t see much of the film.

4. We walked … the stairs to the top floor, then we walked … to the bottom again.

5. David hurt himself. He fell … his bike.

6. Who was the first person to swim … the Atlantic.

7. We’re flying … Paris … Vienna tomorrow. We arrive … Vienna at 6.00.

8. I got … the cinema late and missed the beginning of the film.

9. There’s a post office right … my office. You can see it from my window.

10. The burglars got into the building by climbing … a window.

11. We were driving … the road looking for a petrol station for half an hour.

12. We walked … the bridge to the other side of the river.

13. The dog jumped … the wall into someone’s garden.

14. When the bus came I put out my hand, but it just went … me without stopping.

15. We couldn’t see the man’s face because he was standing with his back … us.

Exercise XII. Read and study some useful phrases that can be used when talking about possibility, probability, and certainty:

100% I’m sure that these sales figures are accurate.

The figures must be accurate.

There’s no doubt that the figures were carefully checked.

The figures must have been thoroughly checked, so I am absolutely sure that they are accurate.

75% Our sales in USA are likely to go up next year.

I expect that our sales in Canada will go down

I wouldn’t be surprised if our sales in Mexico went up.

It’s quite possible that our sales in Peru will go up.

Our sales in Argentina may well remain static.

50% There’s a chance that we’ll manage to break into the UK market.

It’s just possible that your forecast is over-optimistic.

I’m not sure if the figures I’ve noted down are accurate.

There may have been some kind of mistake.

25% Singapore probably isn’t a very profitable market for us.

I don’t think that we’ll be able to sell in Japan.

Thailand is unlikely to be a good market for our product.

I doubt if we’ll be able to make any sales in Korea

0% I’m quite sure that it isn’t worth appointing an agent in Zambia.

Sales in Tanzania can’t have been worse than they are now.

Uganda definitely isn’t a good market for our product.

These figures couldn’t possibly be accurate.

Supplementary Information

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